Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are in the skeleton?
206
Name the two parts of the skeleton.
Axial Skeleton - head, neck, trunk
Appendicular - appendages which are attached to the body.
Name some types of long bones
Femur
Tibia / Fibula
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Name some types of short bones
Tarsals
Carpals
Name some types of flat bones
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Nasal
Vomer
Lacrimal
Scapula
Innominate bones
Sternum
Name some types of Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Sacrum & Coccyx
Maxilla
Mandible
Ethmoid
Palatine
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Termporal
Name some types of sesamoid bones (bones within tendons - floating)
Patella
Hyoid
There are two types of cells that bone tissue is mad from:
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Dense bone tissue that has honeycomb structure. Found in the shaft of long bones and is also a protective outer shell for cancellous bone.
Compact Bone
A light and spongey bone. found at the ends of long bones and in irregular, flat and sesamoid bones. Contain red bone marrow which produces blood cells.
Cancellous bone
This bone forms the forehead and upper eye cavity. Joined to the parietal bones by the coronal suture.
Frontal
Forms the bones of the nose
Nasal
Inverted L shape bones. Form the bottom of the nose and eye cavities and the wall of the roof of the mouth.
Palantine
Thin flat bone which separate the nasal cavities and articulates at the top with the ethmoid bone.
Vomer
The cheek bones. Form the bottom and sides of the eye orbit.
Zyogmatic
Scroll shaped bones which form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
Turbinator
The upper jaw bones (containing upper teeth, anterior roof of mouth, orbital cavity)
Maxila
The lower jaw. Forms chin and sides of face. Contains lower teeth and is only moveable bone in the face.
Mandible
These bones form top and sides of the cranium
Parietal
This bones forms the base of the cranium and has wing like parts that stick out. Articulates with the frontal, parietal and temporal bones.
Sphenoid
Very small bones positioned behind the lateral to the nasal bones. In the eye sockets and contain foramina for the passage of nasolacrimal duct (tear duct)
Lacrimal bones
Positined below the frontal bone and in front of the sphenoid bone. Forms the orbital cavity and nasal cavity.
Ethmoid
V shaped bone at the root of the tongue. Not articulated with any other bones.
Hyoid
Bones that form the lower sides of the cranium.
Temporal
Bone the forms the back of the cranium.
Occipital
Names the vertebral column sections from top to bottom
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
Name the two bones in the shoulder girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Name the three parts of the INNOMINATE BONE which form the pelvic girdle
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Name the bones of the arm from superior to inferior
Humerus
Ulna (medial)
Radius (lateral)
Carpals (8)
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (14)
Name the bones of the leg from superior to inferior
Femur
Fibula (medial)
Tibia (lateral)
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14)
Name the 8 CARPALS
1- Scaphoid
2- Lunate
3- Triquetral
4- Pisiform
5- Trapezium
6- Trapezoid
7- Capitate
8- Hamate
Name the 7 TARSALS
1- Talus
2- Calcaneum
3- Navicular
4- Cuboid
5- Lateral Cuneiform
6- Intermediate Cuneiform
7- Medial Cuneiform
What type of joints are shoulder and hip joints?
Ball and socket (synovial)
What type of joints are tarsal and carpals?
Gliding (synovial)
What type of joints are elbow, knee, ankle, joints between phalanges of fingers
Hinge (synovial)
What type of joints are the first two cervical verebrae (which allow the head to rotate) and the proximla ends of radius and ulna?
Pivot (synovial)
What type of joints are slightly moveable? Found in the spine.
Cartilagenous joints
What type of joints have no movement. Fibrous tissue between ends of bones. Found in sutures of the skull and innominate bones.
Fixed / Fibrous joints
What are the 3 postorial deformities?
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Lordosis
What fracture is a broken bone in one place that has NOT damaged tissue around it
Simple Fracture
What fracture is a broken bone that pierces the skin and makes an open wound?
Compound Fracture
What fracture is a broken bone in several places?
Comminuted
What fracture is in soft and flexible bones - incomplete fracture of a long bone
Greenstick
What fracture is a broken bone and one end is driven into the other?
Impacted
What fracture damaged tissues and/or organs around it?
Complicated
Describe arhritis
inflammation of joints
loss of cartilage
What is Gout
form of arthritis. often in big toe. chronis destruction of joint.
What is osteo-arthritis
associated with ageing process. cartilage of joints breaks down, affects weight bearing joints like knees, feet and back.
What is rheumatoid arthritis
auto immune disease that attacks the synovial membranes and goes on to degrade and malform bones.
What is osteoporosis
Known as brittle bones. Calcium deficiency, accelerated bone loss.
What is Slipped Disc
weakening or tearing of an invertebral disc
What is carpal tunnel syndrome
painful disorder, compression of nerve in carpel tunnel. discomfort and weakness in hands.
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
inflammatroy disease of connective tissue - fever, weakness, fatigue, joint pains
What is Cervial spondylitis
degenerative arthritis of joint in cervial vertebrae
What is synovitis
inflammation of synovial membrane that lines a synovial joint. Pain and swelling
What is Whiplash
inuury to the neck from rapid acceleration.
What is Loss of Limb
Prosthesis, an artifical extenion that replaces a missing body part
What is Osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phospohorus, calcium or Vit D.
What is Osteogenisis imperfecta
A disroder of connective tissue characterised by brittle bones that fracture easily
What is Psoriatic Arthritis
immune system disorder that includes psoriatic skin lesions and join inflammationP
What is Paget’s disease
condition chartacterised by excessive overgrowth of bone, especially in spine, pelivis, skull and femur. Increase in osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity.
What is Rickets
bone softening and deforming diesease, often in children. Deificiency of Vit D and sunlgight. bowed legs, knock knees.
What is Scleroderma
chronic auto-immune diease characterised by hardening or sclerosis in the skin or other organs.
What is spinal stenosis
spinal canal narrows and compresses the spinal cord.
