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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the skeleton?

A

206

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2
Q

Name the two parts of the skeleton.

A

Axial Skeleton - head, neck, trunk

Appendicular - appendages which are attached to the body.

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3
Q

Name some types of long bones

A

Femur
Tibia / Fibula
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

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4
Q

Name some types of short bones

A

Tarsals
Carpals

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5
Q

Name some types of flat bones

A

Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Nasal
Vomer
Lacrimal
Scapula
Innominate bones
Sternum

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6
Q

Name some types of Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae
Sacrum & Coccyx
Maxilla
Mandible
Ethmoid
Palatine
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Termporal

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7
Q

Name some types of sesamoid bones (bones within tendons - floating)

A

Patella
Hyoid

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8
Q

There are two types of cells that bone tissue is mad from:

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

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9
Q

Dense bone tissue that has honeycomb structure. Found in the shaft of long bones and is also a protective outer shell for cancellous bone.

A

Compact Bone

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10
Q

A light and spongey bone. found at the ends of long bones and in irregular, flat and sesamoid bones. Contain red bone marrow which produces blood cells.

A

Cancellous bone

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11
Q

This bone forms the forehead and upper eye cavity. Joined to the parietal bones by the coronal suture.

A

Frontal

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12
Q

Forms the bones of the nose

A

Nasal

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13
Q

Inverted L shape bones. Form the bottom of the nose and eye cavities and the wall of the roof of the mouth.

A

Palantine

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14
Q

Thin flat bone which separate the nasal cavities and articulates at the top with the ethmoid bone.

A

Vomer

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15
Q

The cheek bones. Form the bottom and sides of the eye orbit.

A

Zyogmatic

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16
Q

Scroll shaped bones which form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

A

Turbinator

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17
Q

The upper jaw bones (containing upper teeth, anterior roof of mouth, orbital cavity)

A

Maxila

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18
Q

The lower jaw. Forms chin and sides of face. Contains lower teeth and is only moveable bone in the face.

A

Mandible

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19
Q

These bones form top and sides of the cranium

A

Parietal

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20
Q

This bones forms the base of the cranium and has wing like parts that stick out. Articulates with the frontal, parietal and temporal bones.

A

Sphenoid

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21
Q

Very small bones positioned behind the lateral to the nasal bones. In the eye sockets and contain foramina for the passage of nasolacrimal duct (tear duct)

A

Lacrimal bones

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22
Q

Positined below the frontal bone and in front of the sphenoid bone. Forms the orbital cavity and nasal cavity.

A

Ethmoid

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23
Q

V shaped bone at the root of the tongue. Not articulated with any other bones.

A

Hyoid

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24
Q

Bones that form the lower sides of the cranium.

A

Temporal

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25
Q

Bone the forms the back of the cranium.

A

Occipital

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26
Q

Names the vertebral column sections from top to bottom

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

27
Q

Name the two bones in the shoulder girdle

A

Clavicle
Scapula

28
Q

Name the three parts of the INNOMINATE BONE which form the pelvic girdle

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

29
Q

Name the bones of the arm from superior to inferior

A

Humerus
Ulna (medial)
Radius (lateral)
Carpals (8)
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (14)

30
Q

Name the bones of the leg from superior to inferior

A

Femur
Fibula (medial)
Tibia (lateral)
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14)

31
Q

Name the 8 CARPALS

A

1- Scaphoid
2- Lunate
3- Triquetral
4- Pisiform
5- Trapezium
6- Trapezoid
7- Capitate
8- Hamate

32
Q

Name the 7 TARSALS

A

1- Talus
2- Calcaneum
3- Navicular
4- Cuboid
5- Lateral Cuneiform
6- Intermediate Cuneiform
7- Medial Cuneiform

33
Q

What type of joints are shoulder and hip joints?

A

Ball and socket (synovial)

34
Q

What type of joints are tarsal and carpals?

A

Gliding (synovial)

35
Q

What type of joints are elbow, knee, ankle, joints between phalanges of fingers

A

Hinge (synovial)

36
Q

What type of joints are the first two cervical verebrae (which allow the head to rotate) and the proximla ends of radius and ulna?

A

Pivot (synovial)

37
Q

What type of joints are slightly moveable? Found in the spine.

A

Cartilagenous joints

38
Q

What type of joints have no movement. Fibrous tissue between ends of bones. Found in sutures of the skull and innominate bones.

A

Fixed / Fibrous joints

39
Q

What are the 3 postorial deformities?

A

Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Lordosis

40
Q

What fracture is a broken bone in one place that has NOT damaged tissue around it

A

Simple Fracture

41
Q

What fracture is a broken bone that pierces the skin and makes an open wound?

A

Compound Fracture

42
Q

What fracture is a broken bone in several places?

A

Comminuted

43
Q

What fracture is in soft and flexible bones - incomplete fracture of a long bone

A

Greenstick

44
Q

What fracture is a broken bone and one end is driven into the other?

A

Impacted

45
Q

What fracture damaged tissues and/or organs around it?

A

Complicated

46
Q

Describe arhritis

A

inflammation of joints
loss of cartilage

47
Q

What is Gout

A

form of arthritis. often in big toe. chronis destruction of joint.

48
Q

What is osteo-arthritis

A

associated with ageing process. cartilage of joints breaks down, affects weight bearing joints like knees, feet and back.

49
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

auto immune disease that attacks the synovial membranes and goes on to degrade and malform bones.

50
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Known as brittle bones. Calcium deficiency, accelerated bone loss.

51
Q

What is Slipped Disc

A

weakening or tearing of an invertebral disc

52
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

painful disorder, compression of nerve in carpel tunnel. discomfort and weakness in hands.

53
Q

What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

inflammatroy disease of connective tissue - fever, weakness, fatigue, joint pains

54
Q

What is Cervial spondylitis

A

degenerative arthritis of joint in cervial vertebrae

55
Q

What is synovitis

A

inflammation of synovial membrane that lines a synovial joint. Pain and swelling

56
Q

What is Whiplash

A

inuury to the neck from rapid acceleration.

57
Q

What is Loss of Limb

A

Prosthesis, an artifical extenion that replaces a missing body part

58
Q

What is Osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phospohorus, calcium or Vit D.

59
Q

What is Osteogenisis imperfecta

A

A disroder of connective tissue characterised by brittle bones that fracture easily

60
Q

What is Psoriatic Arthritis

A

immune system disorder that includes psoriatic skin lesions and join inflammationP

61
Q

What is Paget’s disease

A

condition chartacterised by excessive overgrowth of bone, especially in spine, pelivis, skull and femur. Increase in osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity.

62
Q

What is Rickets

A

bone softening and deforming diesease, often in children. Deificiency of Vit D and sunlgight. bowed legs, knock knees.

63
Q

What is Scleroderma

A

chronic auto-immune diease characterised by hardening or sclerosis in the skin or other organs.

64
Q

What is spinal stenosis

A

spinal canal narrows and compresses the spinal cord.

Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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