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Anatomy and Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the layers of the EPIDERMIS from superficial to deep

A

1- Stratum corneum
2- Stratum lucidum
3- Stratum granulosum
4- Stratum spinosum
5- Stratum germinativum (basale)

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2
Q

Surface layer of the skin. Hardened flattened dead cells. Constantly being shed. DESQUAMATION.

A

Stratum corneum

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3
Q

Only on palms and soles. Denucleated cells but not completely hard.

A

Stratum lucidum

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4
Q

Layer of skin where cells have distinct nucleus but cell membranes are dying. Contains granules which are visible in healing tissue after trauma.

A

Stratum granulosum

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5
Q

Layer of skin where cells are living, membranes are in tact. Capable of mitosis under friction or pressure.

A

Stratum spinosum

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6
Q

Skin layer which is the primary site of cell division. Contains melanin that gives skins it’s natural colour.

A

Stratum germinativum (Stratum Basale)

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7
Q

Cells that produce melanin in the stratum germinativum

A

Melanocytes

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8
Q

Name the 4 specialised cells found in the DERMIS layer of skin and their function.

A

Fibroblasts - production of areolar tissue, collagen and elastin. can be damaged by UV.

Mast Cells - produce histamine an an allergic response.

Histiocytes - produce histamine

Leucocytes - white blood cells which fight infection.

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9
Q

These stretch from deep in the dermis to the outer layer of the epidermis. There are two types of glands that produce sweat. Name them and the type of sweat they produce.

A

Eccrine (sweat gland) - excrete watery sweat and control body temperature.

Apocrine (sweat gland) - found in groin and axillae (armpits). Excrete milky fluid which produces body odour.

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10
Q

Name the tiny muscle attached to each hair follicle in the skin. That help with temperature control by pulling the hair upright.

A

Erector Pili

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11
Q

It is connected to hair follicles and produces sebum which keeps skin moist and lubricates hair shaft.

A

Sebaceous Glands

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12
Q

The name of sweat and sebum which forms on the skin to keep the skins pH level balanced. (4.5-5.6)

A

Acid Mantle

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13
Q

At the base of the hair follicle. Contain blood vessels and nerves which supply the hair with nutrients.

A

Papilla

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14
Q

Name the 8 functions of the skin
SHAPES VM

A

Secretion
Heat retention
Absorption
Protection
Elimination
Sensation

Vitamin D formation
Melanin formation

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15
Q

What is Eczema

A

skin becomes extremely dry and itchy casing great discomfort. (congenital)

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16
Q

What is Acne Rosacea

A

flushed reddened appearance on face. (bacterial)

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17
Q

What are Warts

A

horny tumour found on skin (viral)

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18
Q

Name the PARASITICAL INFESTATION skin issues and describe them

A

Pediculosis - infestation of lice, with severe itching. Head, body and pubic.

Scabies - itch mite causing infection.

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19
Q

What is Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra

A

small benign lesions dark brown (pigmentation disorder)

20
Q

What is Papilloma

A

benign epithelial tumour forming a rounded mass (pigmentation disorder)

21
Q

What is Vitiligo

A

loss of colour in defined areas (pigmentation disorder)

22
Q

What is Albinism

A

complete lack of melanocytes (pigmentation disorder)

23
Q

What is Chloasma

A

butterfly mask (pigmentation disorder)

24
Q

What is Ephelides

A

freckles, small pigmented areas (pigmentation disorder)

25
Q

What is Lentigo

A

liver spots, dark patched of pigmentation (pigmentation disorder)

26
Q

What is Port wine stain

A

large area of dilated capillaries causing pinky red skin colour (pigmentation)

27
Q

What is Herpes Zoster

A

shingles. Adult chicken pox (viral)

28
Q

What is Herpes Simples

A

cold sores. small blisters. (viral)

29
Q

What is Veruccas

A

warts on the feet (viral)

30
Q

What is Impetigo

A

infection causing thin roofed blister which weep (bacterial)

31
Q

What are Carbuncles

A

infection that involves group of hair follicles. (bacterial)

32
Q

What are Boils

A

inflammation around a hair follicle. (bacterial)

33
Q

What is Acne vulgaris

A

increase sebum leads to blocked glands and infection. (bacterial)

34
Q

What is Psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory skin disease. Red patches covered with silvery scales. (congenital)

35
Q

What are blisters

A

elevation of skin. filled with serous fluid. (general)

36
Q

What are cysts

A

closed sac. may contain fluid, air or semi solid material.

37
Q

What are striae

A

stretch marks (general)

38
Q

What is Cellulitis

A

inflammation of body tissue, fever, swelling, redness and pain. (general)

39
Q

What are broken capillaries

A

dilated capillaries on a fine skin texture. affecting large area of face. (general)

40
Q

What are comedones

A

blackheads. build up of sebaceous seecretions which become trapped in hair follicle. they have dried out and hardened. (general)

41
Q

What is dermatitis

A

llergic inflammation of the skin, characterised by erythema. redness of skin, itching, and various skin lesions. (general)

42
Q

What are Milia

A

tiny white bumps or whiteheads. they form when sebum becomes trapped in a blind duct with no surface opening.

43
Q

What is Malignant melanoma

A

malignant tumor of melanocytes. Develops in a previously benign mole (cancer)W

44
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma

A

Occurs on exposed parts of skin, especially face, nose, eyelid , cheeck. (Cancer)

45
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma

A

Caused by sunlight, chemicals or physical irritants. Starts very small but grows rapidly. (cancer)

Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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