Integumentary System Flashcards
Name the layers of the EPIDERMIS from superficial to deep
1- Stratum corneum
2- Stratum lucidum
3- Stratum granulosum
4- Stratum spinosum
5- Stratum germinativum (basale)
Surface layer of the skin. Hardened flattened dead cells. Constantly being shed. DESQUAMATION.
Stratum corneum
Only on palms and soles. Denucleated cells but not completely hard.
Stratum lucidum
Layer of skin where cells have distinct nucleus but cell membranes are dying. Contains granules which are visible in healing tissue after trauma.
Stratum granulosum
Layer of skin where cells are living, membranes are in tact. Capable of mitosis under friction or pressure.
Stratum spinosum
Skin layer which is the primary site of cell division. Contains melanin that gives skins it’s natural colour.
Stratum germinativum (Stratum Basale)
Cells that produce melanin in the stratum germinativum
Melanocytes
Name the 4 specialised cells found in the DERMIS layer of skin and their function.
Fibroblasts - production of areolar tissue, collagen and elastin. can be damaged by UV.
Mast Cells - produce histamine an an allergic response.
Histiocytes - produce histamine
Leucocytes - white blood cells which fight infection.
These stretch from deep in the dermis to the outer layer of the epidermis. There are two types of glands that produce sweat. Name them and the type of sweat they produce.
Eccrine (sweat gland) - excrete watery sweat and control body temperature.
Apocrine (sweat gland) - found in groin and axillae (armpits). Excrete milky fluid which produces body odour.
Name the tiny muscle attached to each hair follicle in the skin. That help with temperature control by pulling the hair upright.
Erector Pili
It is connected to hair follicles and produces sebum which keeps skin moist and lubricates hair shaft.
Sebaceous Glands
The name of sweat and sebum which forms on the skin to keep the skins pH level balanced. (4.5-5.6)
Acid Mantle
At the base of the hair follicle. Contain blood vessels and nerves which supply the hair with nutrients.
Papilla
Name the 8 functions of the skin
SHAPES VM
Secretion
Heat retention
Absorption
Protection
Elimination
Sensation
Vitamin D formation
Melanin formation
What is Eczema
skin becomes extremely dry and itchy casing great discomfort. (congenital)
What is Acne Rosacea
flushed reddened appearance on face. (bacterial)
What are Warts
horny tumour found on skin (viral)
Name the PARASITICAL INFESTATION skin issues and describe them
Pediculosis - infestation of lice, with severe itching. Head, body and pubic.
Scabies - itch mite causing infection.
What is Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra
small benign lesions dark brown (pigmentation disorder)
What is Papilloma
benign epithelial tumour forming a rounded mass (pigmentation disorder)
What is Vitiligo
loss of colour in defined areas (pigmentation disorder)
What is Albinism
complete lack of melanocytes (pigmentation disorder)
What is Chloasma
butterfly mask (pigmentation disorder)
What is Ephelides
freckles, small pigmented areas (pigmentation disorder)
What is Lentigo
liver spots, dark patched of pigmentation (pigmentation disorder)
What is Port wine stain
large area of dilated capillaries causing pinky red skin colour (pigmentation)
What is Herpes Zoster
shingles. Adult chicken pox (viral)
What is Herpes Simples
cold sores. small blisters. (viral)
What is Veruccas
warts on the feet (viral)
What is Impetigo
infection causing thin roofed blister which weep (bacterial)
What are Carbuncles
infection that involves group of hair follicles. (bacterial)
What are Boils
inflammation around a hair follicle. (bacterial)
What is Acne vulgaris
increase sebum leads to blocked glands and infection. (bacterial)
What is Psoriasis
chronic inflammatory skin disease. Red patches covered with silvery scales. (congenital)
What are blisters
elevation of skin. filled with serous fluid. (general)
What are cysts
closed sac. may contain fluid, air or semi solid material.
What are striae
stretch marks (general)
What is Cellulitis
inflammation of body tissue, fever, swelling, redness and pain. (general)
What are broken capillaries
dilated capillaries on a fine skin texture. affecting large area of face. (general)
What are comedones
blackheads. build up of sebaceous seecretions which become trapped in hair follicle. they have dried out and hardened. (general)
What is dermatitis
llergic inflammation of the skin, characterised by erythema. redness of skin, itching, and various skin lesions. (general)
What are Milia
tiny white bumps or whiteheads. they form when sebum becomes trapped in a blind duct with no surface opening.
What is Malignant melanoma
malignant tumor of melanocytes. Develops in a previously benign mole (cancer)W
What is basal cell carcinoma
Occurs on exposed parts of skin, especially face, nose, eyelid , cheeck. (Cancer)
What is squamous cell carcinoma
Caused by sunlight, chemicals or physical irritants. Starts very small but grows rapidly. (cancer)
