Respiratory System Flashcards
List the parts of the respiratory system from entry to end:
1- Nasal cavity
2- Pharynx
3- Larynx
4- Trachea
5- Bronchi
6- Bronchioles
7- Alveoli
What is the function of the pharynx?
acts as an air passage and warms and moistens the air
What is pleura?
serous membrane that surrounds each lung
What are the 3 parts of pleura?
inner (visceral) layer sticks to lung tissue and covers the surface.
outer (parietal) layer sticks to the chest and the top of the diaphragm.
pleural cavity is the space that separates the inner and outer layers. it’s filled with serous fluid.
Describe INTERNAL and EXTERNAL respiration:
external - breathing air into the lungs and transfer of oxygen into the blood stream
internal - diffusion of oxygen from blood to the body cells
What happens to the diaphragm/ribs during inhalation?
diaphragm flattens and lowers.
ribs raised by intercostal muscles.
What happens to the diaphragm/ribs during exhalation?
diaphragm relaxes and moves up.
ribs lowered by intercostal muscles relaxing.
Which parts of the brain are involved in breathing and their function?
Medulla oblongata - stimulates inspiration and controls depth of breathing
Pons varolii - stops inspiration, thus provoking expiration
What is bronchitis?
inflammation of the bronchial tubes
What is emphysema?
Alveoli stretch and lose their elasticity.
What is pleurisy?
Inflammation of the pleural lining
What is pneumonia?
inflammation of lung tissue caused by infection
What is Tuberculosis?
Disease caused by bacteria, inhaled or eaten. Most commonly affects the lungs.
What is asthma?
difficultly in exhalation, coughing and wheezing.
What is cystic fibrosis?
child’s lungs, intestines and pancreas become clogged with thick mucus.
