skeletal system

Question 1

cartilage

Answer 1

avascular, soft and flexible connective tissue

Question 2

bone

Answer 2

hard, strong, lightweight living connective tissue

Question 3

bone function

Answer 3

supports soft tissue, protects internal organs, assists in locomotion, stores minerals, produced blood cells and stores energy in the form of adipose cells in bone marrow

Question 4

osteoprogenitor/osteogenic

Answer 4

cells part of the mesenchymal stem cell lineage that differentiate into osteoblasts

Question 5

osteoblasts

Answer 5

• secretes collagen, calcium, and phosphate to build bone
• differentiate into osteocytes and incapable of mitosis

think osteoblast = BUILD

Question 6

osteocytes

Answer 6

• incapable of mitosis
• exchange nutrients and waste material with blood, help regulate bone mass

Question 7

osteoclasts

Answer 7

• release calcium into blood

Question 8

calcitonin

Answer 8

think TONE DOWN calcium levels in the blood

stopping the osteoclasts from resorbing the bone (which would lower calcium level)

inducing osteoblast - taking calcium from blood and building up the bone

Question 9

PTH and vitamin D

Answer 9

increase blood calcium levels

Question 10

axial skeleton

Answer 10

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

Question 11

appendicular skeleton

Answer 11

bones of appendages, pectoral and pelvic girdle

Question 12

sutures

Answer 12

immovable joints that hold together bones of the skull

Question 13

ligaments

Answer 13

• bone to bone connectors that strengthen joints
• ACL - femur to tibia

Question 14

tendons

Answer 14

muscle to bone connection, allows for movement

Question 15

foramen

Answer 15

• an opening in the bone that allows for the passage of nerves
• forum magnum in the skull allows for the passage of the spinal cord

Question 16

long bone

Answer 16

• long shaft (diaphysis)
• two ends: each has a metaphysis and epiphysis

Question 17

epiphyseal plate

Answer 17

• sheet of cartilage found between the metaphysis and epiphysis
• location in which vertical bone growth occurs in the cartilage until being replaced by bone in adulthood

Question 18

osteon

Answer 18

functional unit of compact bone
- includes lamellae + Haversian canals

Question 19

compact bone

Answer 19

very organized, dense bone

Question 20

lamellae

Answer 20

concentric rings of compact bone that form the Haversian canals

Question 21

lacunae

Answer 21

osteocytes trapped between lamellae reside here and exchange nutrients via small canals (canaliculi)

Question 22

Volkmann’s canals

Answer 22

connects blood vessels and lymph vessels contained in Haversian canal

Question 23

Haversian canals

Answer 23

passageway for nerves, blood and lymph vessels

Question 24

Medullary cavity

Answer 24

• hollow part of bone surrounded by compact bone
• contains yellow bone marrow (fat) and red bone marrow (the site of hemopoiesis or red blood cell development)

Question 25

spongy/cancellous bone

Answer 25

• less dense consisting of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules called trabeculae
• spaces filled with bone marrow

Question 26

joint types

Answer 26

1. fibrous
2. cartilaginous
3. synovial (most common)

Question 27

fibrous joint

Answer 27

• connects bones via dense connective tissues without allowing any movement

ex: between bones of the skull

Question 28

cartilaginous joint

Answer 28

• bones are attached together by cartilage and allow for little movement
• includes the spine and ribs

Question 29

synovial joint

Answer 29

allows for movement and is filled with synovial fluid that acts as a lubricant