integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

layers of the epidermis from outer to innermost:

A

COME LETS GET SOME BEERS
1. stratum corneum - outermost hydrophobic layer
2. stratum lucidium - only present in palms of hands and soles of feet
3. stratum granulosum - skin cells lose organelles here, begin dying, and are filled with keratin
4. stratun spinosum - provides skin strength/flexibility; held together by desmosomes
5. stratum basale (germinativium) - deepest layer of epidermis where new skin cells are formed

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2
Q

dermis

A

second layer of skin and highly vascularized. it is connected to the epidermis above via the basement membrane

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3
Q

epidermal cells

A
  • melanocytes
  • merkel cells
  • keratinocytes
  • langerhans cells
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4
Q

melanocytes

A

transfers skin pigment melanin to keratinocytes

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5
Q

merkel cells

A

attach to sensory neurons and functions in touch sensation

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6
Q

keratinocytes

A

produce keratin
help waterproof

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7
Q

langerhans cells

A

interact with immune cells

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8
Q

papillary region

A
  • vascular network within upward projecting papillae that helps supply nutrients to epidermis and regulates temperature
  • papillae contain Meisner’s corpuscles (sensory touch receptors)
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9
Q

hypodermis (subcutaneous)

A
  • consists of areolar and adipose tissue
  • functions in fat storage, heat insulation, and shock absorption
  • contains pressure sensing nerve ending and passage for blood vessels
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10
Q

reticular region

A

region with dense connective tissue, collagen, and elastic fibers; packed with glands, sweat gland ducts, fat, and hair follicles

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11
Q

order of skin

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • papillary dermis
  • reticular dermis
  • hypodermis
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12
Q

thermoregulation in skin

A
  • aids in regulating body temperature
  • capillaries dilate to release heat, and constrict to preserve heat
  • goosebumps (piloerection reflex) occurs when cold, elevates hairs to trap heat
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13
Q

environmental sensory input

A

nerve endings in skin convey temp, pressure, pain, and touch

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14
Q

vitamin D synthesis

A

UV radiation activates skin molecules to synthesize vitamin D

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15
Q

eccrine glands

A
  • opens directly to skin, located on majority of skin
  • regulates temperature through perspiration and urea elimination
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16
Q

apocrine glands

A
  • opens to hair follicles; more viscous secretions
  • located: armpits, pubic region, nipple
17
Q

hair

A
  • keratinized cells
  • unique to the skin of mammals
18
Q

sebaceous (oil) glands

A
  • connected to hair follicles
  • secrete oil (sebum) that discourage microbial growth
19
Q

ceruminous (wax) glands

A

found in ear canal and produce a wax-like material that acts as a barrier to entrance

20
Q

mammary (milk) glands

A

secretes milk