digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

mucus cells

A
  • secrete mucus
  • lubricates and protects the stomachs epithelial lining
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2
Q

chief cells

A
  • secretes pepsinogen
  • activated by low pH in stomach
  • converts to pepsin (digests proteins)
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3
Q

parietal cells

A

secretes HCl

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4
Q

G cells

A

secretes gastrin, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete stomach acid

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5
Q

small intestine

A
  • food enters from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter
  • most digestion and absorption occurs here
  • villi increase surface area, increasing absorption
  • each villi has microvilli
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6
Q

3 segments of the small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
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7
Q

duodenum

A

continues breakdown of starches and proteins and remaining food types (majority of digestion)

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8
Q

jejunum

A

majority absorption of nutrients occurs here

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9
Q

ileum

A

absorption continues; contains Peyer’s patches (lymphoid tissue)

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10
Q

large intestine

A
  • enters from small intestine via the ilocecal valve
    4 segments:
  • ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
  • large intestine stops at rectum
  • functions: water and electrolyte absorption
  • symbiotic bacteria aid in digestion and provide vitamin K and B12
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11
Q

liver

A
  • produces bile, which contains no digestive enzymes but emulsifies fats (mechanical digestion) and contains sodium bicarbonate
  • bile: created in liver, stored in gall bladder
  • if bile cannot be released, lipid breakdown would be compromised
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12
Q

biliary flow

A
  1. cystic duct + hepatic duct –> common bile duct
  2. common bile duct + pancreatic duct –> secretes into duodenum
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13
Q

pancreas

A
  • secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes to the duodenum
    ** digestive enzyme flow**:
    produced in pancreas –> flow from pancreatic duct into duodenum –> neutralizes acidic chyme from stomach and allows for digestion to occur
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14
Q

digestive enzymes in pancreas

A
  1. trypsin/chymotrypsin
  2. lipase
  3. amylase
  4. nucleases
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15
Q

trypsin/chymotrypsin

A

digest proteins

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16
Q

lipase

A

digest lipids

17
Q

amylase

A

digests carbohydrates

18
Q

nucleases

A

digests nucleic acids

19
Q

digestive enzyme flow

A

produced in pancreas –> pancreatic duct into duodenum –> neutralizes acidic chyme from stomach and allows digestion to occur

20
Q

chyme

A

creamy mass of digested food