skeletal system Flashcards
what is the function of the skeletal system ?
protection, movement, produces minerals, produces blood cell, framework/structure
what are the two types of skeletons ?
axial and appendicular
how many bones does an adult skeleton have ?
206
what is the job of axial bones and how many are there ?
80 which are for mainly protecting vital organs
what is the job of appendicular bones and how many are there ?
126 which mainly provide the ability to move
what are the different type of bones ?
long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid
what are the long bones function ?
for movement
what are the long bones ?
femur, humerus, phalange and ulna
what are the function of short bones ?
for strength
what are the short bones ?
tarsals and carpals
what is the function of flat bones ?
protect vital organs
what are the flat bones ?
clavicle, sternum, ribs, cranium
what is the function of sesamoid bones ?
embedded in the tendon, helps assist the tendon in strength, movement while protecting it from excessive wear and tear
what are the sesamoid bones ?
patella
what is the function of the irregular bones ?
provide muscle attachment, protect rival organs and support, shape and size depends on the level of pressure taken
what is the end and bottom of a long bone called ?
epiphysis
what is the middle of a long bone called ?
diaphysis
how many separate vertebrae column and separate areas ?
33
what is the function of epiphysis ?
provides attachment sites for muscle attachment and joins with other bones to create joints
what is the function of diaphysis ?
contains the medullary cavity storing yellow bone marrow and provides leverage for body movement
where is the periosteum of the bone ?
surrounds bone surface along diaphysis
what is the function of the periosteum ?
provides site for ligament/ tendon attachment
where is the articular cartilage ?
covers articular surfaces of bones- epiphysis
what is the function of the articular cartilage ?
protects bone form wear and tear in the joint as it reduces friction and absorbs shock
what is the function of the cancellous/ spongey bone ?
stores red bone marrow which produces red white blood cells and platelets.
what is the function of the compact bone ?
gives bone its strength and resists stresses produced by weight and movement
what is the function of the medullary cavity (Diaphysis) ?
contains fatty yellow bone marrow and blood vessels
what is the function of the growth plate ?
a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows diaphysis to grow in length.
cartilage cells stop dividing in early adulthood, where it is replaced with bonew
what are the types of synovial joints
ball and socket, hinge, saddle, condyloid, planar(gliding) and pivot
when is the age that it all stops fully growing
25
how many vertebrae do you have in the cervical region
7
how many vertebrae do the thoracic region have
12
how many vertebrae do the lumbar region have
5
how many vertebrae do the sacral region have
1 (5 fused)
how many vertebrae do the coccygeal have
1 (4 fused)
what does the medullary cavity contain
fatty yellow bone marrow and blood vessels
what are the two ends of the bone called
epiphysis
what is just after the epiphysis
epyphysIal growth plate (metaphysics)
what covers the end of the bone
articular cartilage
what is the shaft of the bone called
diaphysis
what is stored in the spongy bone
red bone marrow
what does red bone marrow do
it produces red blood/white blood cells and platelets
what are most short, flat, irregular and the epiphysis of a long bone primary made of
cancellous/ spongey bone
what does the epiphysis do
provides attachment site for muscle attachment and joins with other bones to create joints
