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anatomy and physiology > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the cardiovascular system

A

circulated blood around the body delivering oxygen/nutrients and hormones

removes metabolic waste

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2
Q

what are the 5 blood vessels

A

arteries/ arterioles/ veins/ venues/ capillaries

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3
Q

what is the average your blood beats per day

A

100,000

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4
Q

average litres pumped around the body per day

A

7000L

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5
Q

average bpm per day

A

60-80

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6
Q

what are the three layers of the heart wall called

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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7
Q

what is the epicardium

A

thin, transparent, outer layer of the wall

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8
Q

what is myocardium

A

consists of cardiac muscle responsible for the pumping action of heart

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9
Q

are cardiac muscle fivers involuntary or voluntary

A

involuntary

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10
Q

what is the endocardium

A

thin layer of squamous epithelium, lines inside of heart and tendons attaches to valves

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11
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

left and right atrium
left and right ventricle

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12
Q

what type of blood do the atriums receive

A

left receives oxygenated blood from lungs

right receives deoxygenated blood

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13
Q

where do the ventricles eject blood to

A

left ejects oxygenated blood to whole body

right ejects deoxygenated blood to lungs

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14
Q

what separates stria and ventricles

A

septum

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15
Q

why does the left ventricle have the thickest muscular wall

A

due to it pumping blood the greatest distance

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16
Q

what side is the bicuspid valve on

A

left

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17
Q

what side is the tricuspid valve on

A

right

18
Q

how long are all the blood vessels in km

A

100,000

19
Q

what is the pericardium

A

a serous membrane covering the heart

20
Q

what does the pericardium fluid reduce

A

friction between heart and other structures

21
Q

what does the pericardium fluid restrict

A

the anatomical position of the heart

22
Q

what does pericardium fluid prevent (3 of them)

A

unwanted movement of main vessels

spread of infections from lungs/pleural cavities to the heart

sudden dilation of cardiac chambers during exercise

23
Q

where do arteries/arterioles carry blood

A

away from heart

24
Q

where do veins/venules carry blood

A

back into the heart

25
Q

where do capillaries carry blood

A

receive from arterioles and transport to venules

26
Q

why are artery walls thick and how many layers of tissue do they have

A

adapt to very high pressures

3

27
Q

what do veins contain

A

valves

28
Q

what controls the rhythm of the heart

A

Sino-Atrial Node (SAN)

29
Q

where is the SAN located

A

right atrium

30
Q

what colour is blood when oxygen is and isn’t present

A

bright red present

dark red not present

31
Q

what are the type of fibres in the conduction of the heart

A

purkinje

32
Q

what do systole and diastole mean

A

systole- contracting
diastole-relaxing

33
Q

what does the sympathetic system do

A

increases heart rate
vasodilation

34
Q

what does the parasympathetic system do

A

returns heart to resting rate
vasoconstriction

35
Q

what is the function of blood

A

supplies o2 and nutrients

removes waste products

defends agains infection

36
Q

what is the composition of blood

A

55% plasma
40% red blood cells
4-5% white blood cells
platelets made up the rest

37
Q

average litres of blood for woman/men

A

woman 4-5
men 5-6

38
Q

what is life span of red blood cells

A

120 days approx

39
Q

where are platelets made

A

in bone marrow

40
Q

what is vascular shunting

A

redistribution of blood to active skeletal muscles

41
Q

what is starlings law

A

increased venous return = greater stroke volume

42
Q

what is the cardiac output calculation

A

CO- SV X HR

anatomy and physiology (19 decks)

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