cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the cardiovascular system

A

circulated blood around the body delivering oxygen/nutrients and hormones

removes metabolic waste

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2
Q

what are the 5 blood vessels

A

arteries/ arterioles/ veins/ venues/ capillaries

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3
Q

what is the average your blood beats per day

A

100,000

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4
Q

average litres pumped around the body per day

A

7000L

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5
Q

average bpm per day

A

60-80

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6
Q

what are the three layers of the heart wall called

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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7
Q

what is the epicardium

A

thin, transparent, outer layer of the wall

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8
Q

what is myocardium

A

consists of cardiac muscle responsible for the pumping action of heart

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9
Q

are cardiac muscle fivers involuntary or voluntary

A

involuntary

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10
Q

what is the endocardium

A

thin layer of squamous epithelium, lines inside of heart and tendons attaches to valves

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11
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

left and right atrium
left and right ventricle

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12
Q

what type of blood do the atriums receive

A

left receives oxygenated blood from lungs

right receives deoxygenated blood

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13
Q

where do the ventricles eject blood to

A

left ejects oxygenated blood to whole body

right ejects deoxygenated blood to lungs

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14
Q

what separates stria and ventricles

A

septum

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15
Q

why does the left ventricle have the thickest muscular wall

A

due to it pumping blood the greatest distance

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16
Q

what side is the bicuspid valve on

A

left

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17
Q

what side is the tricuspid valve on

18
Q

how long are all the blood vessels in km

19
Q

what is the pericardium

A

a serous membrane covering the heart

20
Q

what does the pericardium fluid reduce

A

friction between heart and other structures

21
Q

what does the pericardium fluid restrict

A

the anatomical position of the heart

22
Q

what does pericardium fluid prevent (3 of them)

A

unwanted movement of main vessels

spread of infections from lungs/pleural cavities to the heart

sudden dilation of cardiac chambers during exercise

23
Q

where do arteries/arterioles carry blood

A

away from heart

24
Q

where do veins/venules carry blood

A

back into the heart

25
where do capillaries carry blood
receive from arterioles and transport to venules
26
why are artery walls thick and how many layers of tissue do they have
adapt to very high pressures 3
27
what do veins contain
valves
28
what controls the rhythm of the heart
Sino-Atrial Node (SAN)
29
where is the SAN located
right atrium
30
what colour is blood when oxygen is and isn't present
bright red present dark red not present
31
what are the type of fibres in the conduction of the heart
purkinje
32
what do systole and diastole mean
systole- contracting diastole-relaxing
33
what does the sympathetic system do
increases heart rate vasodilation
34
what does the parasympathetic system do
returns heart to resting rate vasoconstriction
35
what is the function of blood
supplies o2 and nutrients removes waste products defends agains infection
36
what is the composition of blood
55% plasma 40% red blood cells 4-5% white blood cells platelets made up the rest
37
average litres of blood for woman/men
woman 4-5 men 5-6
38
what is life span of red blood cells
120 days approx
39
where are platelets made
in bone marrow
40
what is vascular shunting
redistribution of blood to active skeletal muscles
41
what is starlings law
increased venous return = greater stroke volume
42
what is the cardiac output calculation
CO- SV X HR