cardiovascular system Flashcards
what is the function of the cardiovascular system
circulated blood around the body delivering oxygen/nutrients and hormones
removes metabolic waste
what are the 5 blood vessels
arteries/ arterioles/ veins/ venues/ capillaries
what is the average your blood beats per day
100,000
average litres pumped around the body per day
7000L
average bpm per day
60-80
what are the three layers of the heart wall called
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
what is the epicardium
thin, transparent, outer layer of the wall
what is myocardium
consists of cardiac muscle responsible for the pumping action of heart
are cardiac muscle fivers involuntary or voluntary
involuntary
what is the endocardium
thin layer of squamous epithelium, lines inside of heart and tendons attaches to valves
what are the 4 chambers of the heart
left and right atrium
left and right ventricle
what type of blood do the atriums receive
left receives oxygenated blood from lungs
right receives deoxygenated blood
where do the ventricles eject blood to
left ejects oxygenated blood to whole body
right ejects deoxygenated blood to lungs
what separates stria and ventricles
septum
why does the left ventricle have the thickest muscular wall
due to it pumping blood the greatest distance
what side is the bicuspid valve on
left
what side is the tricuspid valve on
right
how long are all the blood vessels in km
100,000
what is the pericardium
a serous membrane covering the heart
what does the pericardium fluid reduce
friction between heart and other structures
what does the pericardium fluid restrict
the anatomical position of the heart
what does pericardium fluid prevent (3 of them)
unwanted movement of main vessels
spread of infections from lungs/pleural cavities to the heart
sudden dilation of cardiac chambers during exercise
where do arteries/arterioles carry blood
away from heart
where do veins/venules carry blood
back into the heart
where do capillaries carry blood
receive from arterioles and transport to venules
why are artery walls thick and how many layers of tissue do they have
adapt to very high pressures
3
what do veins contain
valves
what controls the rhythm of the heart
Sino-Atrial Node (SAN)
where is the SAN located
right atrium
what colour is blood when oxygen is and isn’t present
bright red present
dark red not present
what are the type of fibres in the conduction of the heart
purkinje
what do systole and diastole mean
systole- contracting
diastole-relaxing
what does the sympathetic system do
increases heart rate
vasodilation
what does the parasympathetic system do
returns heart to resting rate
vasoconstriction
what is the function of blood
supplies o2 and nutrients
removes waste products
defends agains infection
what is the composition of blood
55% plasma
40% red blood cells
4-5% white blood cells
platelets made up the rest
average litres of blood for woman/men
woman 4-5
men 5-6
what is life span of red blood cells
120 days approx
where are platelets made
in bone marrow
what is vascular shunting
redistribution of blood to active skeletal muscles
what is starlings law
increased venous return = greater stroke volume
what is the cardiac output calculation
CO- SV X HR
