muscular sytem Flashcards
what are the five functions of the muscular system
movement, heat production, joint stability, retains posture, movement of substances in the body
what are the three types of muscle tissue
smooth, cardiac and skeletal
where is the skeletal muscle located
attached to the skeleton
where is cardiac muscle located
heart
where is smooth muscle located
walls of hollow internal structures e.g blood vessels, stomach etc
function of skeletal muscle
movement
function of cardiac muscle
circulate blood around the body
function of the smooth muscle
moves substances around the body
describe cardiac muscle cells
striated and involuntary
describe skeletal muscle cells
started and voluntary
describe smooth muscle cells
non-striated and involuntary
do the three muscle all have nucleuses
yes
what is the function of the tendon
connects muscle to bone
what s the function of epimysium
connective tissue that covers and protects muscle
what is the function of perimysium
connective tissue that covers and protects fascicles
what is the function of endomysium
connective tissue that cover sans protects muscle fibres
what is the function of fasiculli
bundle of muscle fibres
what are the 2 contractile proteins
myosin and actin
what is sarcolemma
the cell membrane of a muscle fibre
what is sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm of the muscle fibre
what does the sacroplasm contain
large amount of glycogen and myoglobin
what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum
a network of tubes surrounding myofibrils
what is the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum
it reabsorbs calcium ions during relaxation and releases them to cause muscle contraction.
what is the function of transverse tubules
they conduct action potential towards the centre of the muscle fibres.
what is a transverse tubules
cylindrical structures and run perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle fibre
what does the dendrites do
collects signals
what does the axon do
passes signals
what does myelin sheath do
allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells
what are the two types of motor movements
precise movements and gross movements
what is a precise movement
contains many motor units controlling fewer muscle fibres
what is gross movements
contain fewer motor units with many muscle fibres
what are the three types of muscle contractions
concentric eccentric and isometric
what happens with concentric muscle contractions
muscle contracts and shortens, joint movement occurs
what happens with eccentric muscle contractions
muscle contracts and lengthens, forced lengthening of the muscle
what happens with isometric muscle contractions
muscle contract, however there is no change in muscle length
