Skeletal System Flashcards
seven functions of the skeletal system
support, protection, assist body movements, mineral homeostasis, hormone secretion
osteocalcin
a hormone secreted in the skeletal system that regulates bone formation and protects against obesity, glucose intolerance, and diabetes mellitus
where are blood cells produced
bone marrow
hematopoiesis
process in which blood cells are formed
RBS, WBS, platelets
Red marrow
develops RBC, WBC, fibroblasts and adipocytes
where is red bone marrow present
all marrow of newborns, adult hip bones, breast bone, vertebrae, skull, and ends of arm and thigh bones
Yellow marrow
primary function is storage of energy
yellow marrow percentage increases in with age
some can be converted back to red marrow if necessary
what cells primarily make up yellow marrow
adipose cells for the storage of triglycerides
tendons connect what
muscle to bone
ligaments connect what
bone to bone
tissue types found in the skeletal system
nervous, osseous, cartilage, fibrous connective tissue, muscle, and epithelial
two main skeletal tissues
cartilage, bone tissue (osseous)
skeletal cartilage
chondroblasts secrete cartilage matrix, chondrocytes maintain the matrix
holds water which lends resiliency,
no nerves or blood vessels
perichondrium
dense connective tissue girdle that contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery and waste removal
resists outward expansion
where is perichondrium not found
on cartilaginous articular surfaces and fibrocartilage
why do injuries to the cartilage take longer to heal
there is no direct blood supply
what makes up cartilage
chondroitin sulfate and various fibers
what do the fibers in cartilage do
distinguish the types of cartilage
three types of cartilage
hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
hyaline cartilage
support, flexibility, resilience
predominantly collagen fibers and chondroitin sulfate
which type of cartilage is the most abundant
hyaline cartilage
where is hyaline cartilage found
articular, costal, respiratory, and nasal cartilage
covers the tip of bones
elastic cartilage
similar to hyaline cartilage but contains elastic fibers
where is elastic cartilage found
external ear and epiglottis