Lecture 9.1 Flashcards
main function of muscle
create motion, stabilize body positions and maintain posture, store substances within organs using sphincters, move substances through the body by peristaltic contractions, generate heat through thermogenesis
how is muscle tissue and nervous tissue similar
both are excitable, or “irritable”
they have the ability to respond to stimulus
how are muscle tissue and nervous tissue different
muscles are contractible, extensible, and elastic
what prefixes indicate muscle tissue
myo, mys, and sarco
properties of skeletal muscle
organs attached to bones and skin, elongated cells called muscle fibers, striated, multinucleate, voluntary , require nervous system stimulation for contraction
skeletal muscle fibers are also called what
skeletal muscle cell
properties of cardiac muscle
only in the heart (bulk of heart walls), branched short cells, striated, uni or binucleate, does not require nervous system for stimulation, involuntary
properties of smooth muscle
in walls of hollow organs (stomach, urinary, etc), non striated, uninucleate, can contract with or without nervous system stimulation, involuntary
each muscle is served by one artery, one nerve, and one or more veins. where do they enter and exit
near central part and branch through connective tissue sheaths
each muscle is served by one artery, one nerve, and one or more vein. by what and how is a skeletal muscle fiber controlled
supplied by a neuron ending that controls its activity
when contracting, what happens to the metabolic rate of muscle and how does that affect nutrient requirement and waste generation
high metabolic rate when contracting, uses large amounts of ATP, huge nutrient and oxygen needed, generates a lot of waste
connective tissue sheaths of muscle and their properties
epimysium - dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle (may blend with fascia)
perimysium - fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles
endomysium - fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each individual muscle fiber
fascicles
groups of 10-100 muscle fibers, form the grain in meat (pulled pork analogy)
where does skeletal muscle attach
insertion - movable bone
origin - less moveable or immovable bone
what is the difference between direct and indirect attachment of skeletal muscle
direct - epimysium fused to periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage
indirect - connective tissue wrappings extend beyond muscle as rope-like tendon or sheetlike aponeurosis
what is muscle fascia and what does it do
covers many muscles
what is an example of fascia from the powerpoints
fascia lata - envelopes the entire group of quadriceps and hamstring muscles
what is typically found traversing deep fascia
veins, arteries, and nerves
what is an aponeurosis
a thick flat fascia that connects two muscle bellies
epicranial aponeurosis connects what two muscles
occipitalis and frontalis which connects to form the occipitofrontalis
sarcolemma definition
plasma membrane of muscle cell
sarcoplasm defintion
cytoplasm of muscle cell
where are glycosomes found and why are they important
found is the sarcoplasm, they contain glycogen
(when sarcoplasmic glucose falls, glycogen stores can be hydrolyzed to provide glucose for ATP)
what is myoglobin, where is it found, why is it important
globular protein found only in muscle cells, binds oxygen that diffuses into the muscle cell from the interstitial fluid, releases oxygen when mitochondria needs to make ATP, function as quick oxygen reserve sarcoplasmic oxygen levels decline from high contractile rate leading to decrease blood flow
