Skeletal System Flashcards
how many bones do we have?
206
the skeletal system is divided into…
the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
axial skeleton
- how many bones?
consists of 80 bones and includes the vertebral column, rib cage, sternum, skull, and hyoid bone
vertebral column
- how many vertebrae?
consists of 33 vertebrae classified as cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, and sacral vertebrae
rib cage
12 paired ribs, 10 pairs of true ribs and 2 pairs of floating ribs
sternum
consists of manubrium, corpus sterni, and xiphoid process
ossicles
bones in the middle ear
hyoid bone
provides an attachment point for the tongue muscles
what vital organs does the axial skeleton protect?
brain, heart, lungs
appendicular skeleton
- how many bones?
consists of 126 bones including the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and appendages
pectoral girdle
consists of scapulae (shoulders) and clavicles (collarbones)
pelvic girdle
2 hip bones which attach to the sacrum
upper appendages
humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
lower appendages
femur, patella, fibula, tibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
how are joints classified
according to range of motion and the material that holds the joint together
fibrous joints
- types/ range of motion of each (example)
held together by fibrous connective tissue
- suture: immovable (skull)
gomphosis: immovable (teeth)
syndesmosis: slightly movable (distal tibiofibular joint)
cartilaginous joints
- types/ range of motion of each (example)
held together by cartilage
- synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage, nearly immovable (first rib)
symphysis: fibrocartilage, slightly movable (intervertebral discs)
synovial joints
- types/ range of motion of each (example)
the most common type of joint, characterized by a joint cavity filled w fluid
- pivot: allows rotation (atlantoaxial joints)
hinge: allows movement in one plane (knee)
saddle: allows pivoting in 2 planes and axial rotation (trapezium)
gliding: allows sliding (carpals)
condyloid: allows pivoting in 2 planes but no axial rotation (radiocarpal joint)
ball and socket: have the highest range of motion (hip)
syntharthosis joints
- range of motion
- example
either fibrous or cartilaginous
- immovable
- teeth
amphiarthrosis joints
- range of motion
- example
either fibrous or cartilaginous
- slight movement
- intervertebral discs
diarthrosis
- range of motion
- example
always synovial
- free movement
- wrist
each muscle is attached to 2 bones: ____
the origin and the insertion
the origin remains ____ and the insertion is the ____
immobile; bone that moves as the muscle contracts and relaxes
- the cranium protects the ____
- the vertebrae protects the ____
- the pelvis protects the ____
- brain
- spinal cord
- reproductive organs
red marrow
manufactures red and white blood cells
all bone marrow is….
red at birth, but adults have approx. one half red bone marrow and one half yellow bone marrow
yellow bone marrow
stores fat
the skeletal system provides a reservoir to store …
calcium and phosphorus
what 4 ways can bones be classified?
long, short, flat, irregular
bones are a connective tissue with a base of ____ containing ____ and living cells
pulp; collagen
intervertebral discs
- what happens if these discs experience trauma?
provide cushioning for the backbone
- they will herniate
synovial joints
freely movable, most common joints
cartilaginous joints
fill the spaces between some bones and restrict movement
fibrous joints
have fibrous tissue connecting bones and no cavity is present
what are the 2 types of connective bone tissue?
compact and spongy bone
compact bone
- AKA?
consists of tightly packed cells, is strong and dense
- cortical bone
haversian canals
- lamellae
- lacunae
- all 3 of these are known as?
runs vertically through compact bone
- concentric circles of bone that surround haversian canals
- spaces between lamellae
- haversian system
