Respiratory System Flashcards
what does the upper respiratory system include?
nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx
what does the lower respiratory system include?
trachea, lungs, bronchial tree
what does the airway include?
nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchial network
what is cilias role?
trap microbes and debris and sweep them back toward the mouth
the lungs house the ____ and the ____ which extend into the lungs and house ____
bronchi; bronchial network; alveoli
alveoli
thick, allow for gas exchange with the blood capillaries that surround them
how many lobes does the right lung have?
- left?
3
- 2
pleural membrane
surrounds the lungs, reduces friction between surfaces when breathing
what are the 2 respiratory muscles?
diaphragm and intercostal muscles
diaphragm
dome shaped, separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
where are intercostal muscles located?
between the ribs
what is the main function of the respiratory system?
- what does it do in addition to this?
supply the body w oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide
- filters air
what is the pathway for talking?
- air passes through the throat
- moves through the larynx (voice box) which vibrates and produces sound
- enters the trachea (windpipe)
the respiratory system is vital for ____ production
cough
how does the respiratory function in sense of smell?
chemoreceptors located in the nasal cavity respond to airborne chemicals
how does the respiratory system help maintain acid-base homeostasis?
hyperventilation can increase blood pH during acidosis (low pH). slowing breathing during alkalosis (high pH) helps to lower blood pH
what portion of the brainstem partakes in the breathing process?
medulla oblongata, monitors the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and signals the breathing rate to increase when these levels are too high
