Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the upper respiratory system include?

A

nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

what does the lower respiratory system include?

A

trachea, lungs, bronchial tree

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3
Q

what does the airway include?

A

nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchial network

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4
Q

what is cilias role?

A

trap microbes and debris and sweep them back toward the mouth

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5
Q

the lungs house the ____ and the ____ which extend into the lungs and house ____

A

bronchi; bronchial network; alveoli

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6
Q

alveoli

A

thick, allow for gas exchange with the blood capillaries that surround them

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7
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?
- left?

A

3
- 2

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8
Q

pleural membrane

A

surrounds the lungs, reduces friction between surfaces when breathing

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9
Q

what are the 2 respiratory muscles?

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

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10
Q

diaphragm

A

dome shaped, separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

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11
Q

where are intercostal muscles located?

A

between the ribs

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12
Q

what is the main function of the respiratory system?
- what does it do in addition to this?

A

supply the body w oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide
- filters air

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13
Q

what is the pathway for talking?

A
  1. air passes through the throat
  2. moves through the larynx (voice box) which vibrates and produces sound
  3. enters the trachea (windpipe)
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14
Q

the respiratory system is vital for ____ production

A

cough

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15
Q

how does the respiratory function in sense of smell?

A

chemoreceptors located in the nasal cavity respond to airborne chemicals

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16
Q

how does the respiratory system help maintain acid-base homeostasis?

A

hyperventilation can increase blood pH during acidosis (low pH). slowing breathing during alkalosis (high pH) helps to lower blood pH

17
Q

what portion of the brainstem partakes in the breathing process?

A

medulla oblongata, monitors the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and signals the breathing rate to increase when these levels are too high