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TEAS Human Anatomy and Physiology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

how is the nervous system organized?

A

neurons

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2
Q

action potential
- how does an action potential occur?

A

how messages are sent across the plasma membrane of neurons
- when a neuron is stimulated past a necessary threshold

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3
Q

chemical synapse

A

a substance that is released at the point of contact (between neurons) that stimulates or inhibits the action of the adjoining cell

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4
Q

what are the 3 types of neurons?

A
  1. sensory
  2. motor
  3. interneurons
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5
Q

sensory neurons

A

transmit signals to the CNS from the sensory receptors associated with the 5 senses

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6
Q

motor neurons

A

transmit signals from the CNS to the rest of the body by signaling muscles or glands to respond

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7
Q

interneurons

A

transmit signals between neurons
(ex: interneurons receive transmitted signals between sensory neurons and motor neurons)

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8
Q

what are the 3 parts of a neuron?

A
  1. cell body (soma)
  2. axon
  3. dendrites
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9
Q

dendrites

A

receive impulses from sensory receptors or interneurons and transmit them toward the cell body

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10
Q

soma (cell body)

A

contains the nucleus of the neuron

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11
Q

axon
- how is the axon insulated?
- where does the axon terminate?

A

transmits the impulses away from the cell body
- by olgiodendrites and the myelin sheath with gaps called the nodes of Ranvier
- at the synapse

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12
Q

what are the 2 primary components of the CNS?

A
  1. spinal cord
  2. brain
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13
Q

how does the nervous tissue of the spinal cord function?

A

with respect to limb movement and internal organ activity

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14
Q

what 3 sections is the brain split into?

A
  1. hindbrain
  2. midbrain
  3. forebrain
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15
Q

what 3 things does the hindbrain include?

A
  1. medulla oblongata
  2. cerebellum
  3. pons
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16
Q

what does the midbrain do?

A

integrates sensory signals and orchestrates responses to these signals

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17
Q

what 3 things does the forebrain include?

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. thalamus
  3. hypothalamus
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18
Q

cerebral cortex

A

thin layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum

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19
Q

the brain is divided into 2 ____

A

hemispheres

20
Q

what 4 main lobes is the brain divided into?

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. occipital
  4. temporal
21
Q

frontal lobe

A

located in the front of the brain and responsible for short term and working memory and information processing as well as decision making, planning, and judgement

22
Q

parietal lobe

A

located slightly toward the back of the brain and the top of the head and responsible for sensory input and spacial positioning of the body

23
Q

occipital lobe

A

located at the back of the head, above the brain stem. responsible for visual input, processing, and output. nerves from the eyes enter directly into this lobe

24
Q

temporal lobe

A

located at the left and right sides of the brain. responsible for all auditory input, processing, and output

25
Q

cerebellum

A

plays a role in processing and storing of implicit memories, specifically memories developed during classical conditioning

26
Q

brain stem
- what are the 3 parts of it?
- what are the 3 body systems that the brain stem plays an important role in?

A

the posterior area of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord
- midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
- respiratory, digestive, and circulatory

27
Q

how does information get to/ leave the brain?

A

brain stem

28
Q

where is the midbrain located?
- what are the 3 parts of the midbrain?
- the midbrain is an important part of what?

A

above the pons and medulla oblongata
- tectum, tegmentum, and ventral tegmentum
- vision and hearing

29
Q
  • where is the pons located?
  • information is sent across the pons from the ____ and to the ____ and ____
A

between the midbrain and medulla oblongata
- cerebrum; medulla; cerebellum

30
Q

where is the medulla oblongata located?
- what 3 systems does it play an important role in?

A

beneath the midbrain and pons
- autonomic nervous system, circulatory system, and respiratory system

31
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

consists of nerves and ganglia throughout the body and includes sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

32
Q

sympathetic nerves
- parasympathetic nerves

A

trigger fight or flight response
- control basic bodily function

33
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

maintains homeostasis within the body

34
Q

what part of the brain controls the ANS?
- where is it located
- what does the ANS regulate?

A

hypothalamus
- above the midbrain
- heart rate, breathing rate, temperature, and blood pH

35
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the ANS?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

36
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

controls the bodys reaction to extreme and stressful situations

37
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

counteracts the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (ex: SNS increases heart rate, PNS decreases it)

38
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls the 5 senses and the voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

39
Q

what kind of nerves are in the somatic nervous system?

A

efferent (motor) nerves and afferent (sensory) nerves

40
Q

efferent nerves

A

bring signals from the central nervous system to the sensory organs and muscles

41
Q

afferent nerves

A

bring signals from the sensory organs and the muscles to the central nervous system

42
Q

the somatic nervous system performs ____

A

involuntary movements

43
Q

reflex

A

an automatic response without any conscious thought to the stimulus via the reflex arc

44
Q

reflex arc

A

simplest nerve pathway, bypasses the brain and is controlled by the spinal cord
(ex: knee jerk response)

45
Q

describe how a reflex arc works

A

stimulus detected by sensory receptors > message sent with a sensory (afferent) neuron > one or more interneurons in spinal cord > motor (efferent) neuron > effector muscle

TEAS Human Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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