Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

Support, protection, assist in movement, mineral homeostasis, red blood cell production and energy storage.

Question 2

Name 5 types of bones

Answer 2

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones.

Question 3

Briefly describe long bones and give examples.

Answer 3

Greater length than width and are slightly curved for strength e.g. femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges

Question 4

Briefly describe short bones and give examples.

Answer 4

Cube-shaped and are nearly equal in length and width e.g. carpal, tarsal

Question 5

Briefly describe flat bones and give examples.

Answer 5

Thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue e.g. cranial, sternum, ribs, scapulae

Question 6

Briefly describe Irregular bones and give examples.

Answer 6

Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories. e.g. Vertebrae, hip bones, some facial bones, calcaneus

Question 7

Briefly describe Sesamoid bones and give examples.

Answer 7

Developed in tendons and may be found in the foot and palms eg. Largest are the patella bones

Question 8

how many bones in the human body

Answer 8

206

Question 9

What bones are in the Axial skeleton?

Answer 9

Skull bones, ribs, sternum and bones of the vertebral column

Question 10

What bones are in the Appendicular skeleton?

Answer 10

humerus, ulna, radius, pelvis (Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs)

Question 11

What are the two types of bone tissues

Answer 11

Spongy and compact

Question 12

What is the structure of a long bone

Answer 12

• articular cartilage on bone ends - reduces friction/prevents wear and tear at joints
• compact bone in walls of bone - provides strength and hardness to bones
• spongy bone in epiphyses - contains red bone marrow (for blood cell production)
• medullary cavity - contains yellow bone marrow (energy storage)
• blood vessels and nerves
• periosteum (a double membrane secured to underlying bone) - nourishes bone and provides anchoring points for tendons and ligaments

Question 13

What is the role of calcium in the body

Answer 13

98% of calcium in the body is located in the skeleton and teeth, Calcium contributes to hardness of bones and teeth, and plays a role in blood clotting, muscle tone, nerve impulse conduction and muscular contraction