Muscular System Flashcards
Muscle tissue consists of ______ cells (myocytes) called muscle fibres
elongated
Cells use ____ to generate force and produce ________ when stimulated by nerve impulses.
ATP, movement
Name the three types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What are muscles classified by
Appearance, type of nervous control, location
Describe cardiac muscle tissue
Found in the heart wall
Pumps blood into the arteries
Contraction is under subconscious control
Describe smooth muscle tissue
Involuntary muscle, found in the walls of hollow organs (bladder, uterus, airways), moves substances
Describe Skeletal muscle tissue
voluntary muscle, Fibres have a striated/striped appearance, found attached to bones
What are the functions of skeletal muscle
body movement, protection of organs, generating heat, walking (locomotion)
Flexion
Decrease in the angle between articulating bones
Extension
Increase in the angle between articulating bones
Hyperextension
Continuation of extension beyond the return to anatomical position
Abduction
Movement of a bone away from the midline
Adduction
Movement of a bone toward the midline
Circumduction
Movement of a body part in a circle, Hip/shoulder
Rotation
A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis, rotation of head
Dorsiflexion
Bending of the foot at the ankle in an upward direction
e.g. raising toes to your shin
Plantar flexion
Bending of the foot at the ankle in a downward direction e.g. pointing your toes
Supination
Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned upward e.g. screwing in a light bulb
Pronation
Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned downward e.g. screwing in a light bulb
what is the Agonist
The muscle that causes the action is the prime mover or agonist
What is the Antagonist
the muscle that acts in the opposite direction to that of the agonist
