Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 1

to pump blood into the arteries

Question 2

What are the functions of blood vessels?

Answer 2

To carry blood near to every cell in the body

Question 3

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 3

• to carry materials needed by the cells (O2 and nutrients) and removing wastes (CO2 and urea) produced by the cells, as well as transporting hormones, heat and pressure
• to play a role in body defense
• to help regulate pH, temperature and water content

Question 4

Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood to?

Answer 4

Lungs

Question 5

Where does an artery carry blood to?

Answer 5

away from the heart

Question 6

Where does a vein carry blood to?

Answer 6

towards the heart

Question 7

What is the location of the heart?

Answer 7

The heart is situated medial to the lungs in the mediastinum with about two-thirds of its mass to the left of the midline.

Question 8

Name the artery that carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 8

pulmonary artery

Question 9

Name the vein that carries oxygenated blood?

Answer 9

Pulmonary vein

Question 10

Blood enters the right atrium via the ______ and ______ vena cava.

Answer 10

superior and inferior

Question 11

What are the two types of heart valves and their function.

Answer 11

Atrioventricular valves (AV valves) - llow blood to flow from atria into ventricles.
Semilunar valves (SL valves) - valves open with ventricular contraction and close with ventricular relaxation, heart sounds (lubb, dupp)

Question 12

What are 5 types of blood vessels?

Answer 12

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules ,Veins

Question 13

What is the function of Arteries

Answer 13

• Thick, elastic walled blood vessels
• Walls stretch in response to pressure without tearing, then recoil
• Pressure storage vessels

Question 14

What is are the functions of Arterioles?

Answer 14

• Muscular walled vessels
• Able to direct flow of blood (eg. dermal blood supply in temperature regulation)
• Vasoconstriction (decrease in vessel diameter) can raise blood pressure
• Vasodilation (increase in vessel diameter) can decrease blood pressure)

Question 15

What is are the functions of capillaries?

Answer 15

• Microscopic blood vessels connect arterial blood flow and venous return
• Walls are one cell thick
• Exchange vessels – allow very rapid exchange of materials between blood and interstitial/extracellular fluid

Question 16

What is are the functions of Venules?

Answer 16

• Small vessels that drain blood from capillaries and merge to form veins
• Carry blood towards the heart

Question 17

What is are the functions of Veins?

Answer 17

• In general, very thin walls in relation to total diameter

- Contain valves which aid in venous return by preventing backflow of blood

Question 18

What are the components of blood and their percentage?

Answer 18

Blood plasma - 55% , Formed elements - 45%

Question 19

What is plasma made up of?

Answer 19

Mainly water, some solutes like proteins etcq

Question 20

What does the formed elments of the blood contain?

Answer 20

Platelets, WBC, RBC

Question 21

What do RBC do?

Answer 21

transport oxygen

Question 22

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 22

fight infection

Question 23

what do platelets do?

Answer 23

generate clotting response

Question 24

Name Functions of white blood cells

Answer 24

Neutrophils , Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes

Question 25

Where are RBC produced and by what

Answer 25

Red bone marrow, steam cells