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3B-Victoria Scott > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Types of skeletons

A

Axial and Appendicular

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2
Q

Axial

A

80 bones, skull, vertebrae, rib cage, sternum

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3
Q

Appendicular

A

126 bones, clavicle, scapula, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, ankles (limbs)

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4
Q

Number of bones in the human body

A

206 bones

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5
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

Support and protection, body movement, produces blood cells, storage of minerals and fats

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6
Q

Long Bones

A

Cylinder-like shape, longer that they are wide (femur, tibia, fibula, etc)

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7
Q

Short Bones

A

Cube-like shape, length, width, thickness are similar (carpals, tarsals)

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8
Q

Flat Bones

A

Thin and curved (sternum, ribs, scapula, cranial bones)

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9
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Complex shape (vertebrae, facial bones)

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10
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

Small and round, embedded in tendons (patellae)

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11
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of the long bone

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12
Q

Diaphysis

A

Middle (shaft) of the bone

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13
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Cartilage at the end of the bone for cushioning/padding

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane that covers the entire bone

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15
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Hollow chamber in diaphysis filled with bone marrow

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16
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Produces red blood cells

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17
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Stores minerals and fats

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18
Q

Compact Bone Tissue

A

Wall of diaphysis

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19
Q

Spongy Bone Tissue

A

Sponge look, in the epiphysis, has red marrow

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20
Q

Pivot Joint

A

uniaxial, allows rotational movement, forearm rotation

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21
Q

Hinge Joint

A

uniaxial, allows flexion/extension movement, knee, elbow, ankle

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22
Q

Saddle Joint

A

biaxial,

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23
Q

Condyloid Joint

A

biaxial

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24
Q

Ball and Socket Joint

A

multiaxial

25
Q

Plane Joint

A

multiaxial

26
Q

Number of bones in cranium

27
Q

Only moveable bone in cranium

A

mandible (lower jaw)

28
Q

Five vertebral regions

A

Cervical vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx

29
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical

30
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic

A

12, T1-T12

31
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar

32
Q

Scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature, and twisting of the vertebral column

33
Q

Kyphosis

A

hunchback, excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region

34
Q

Lordosis

A

swayback, excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region

35
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect

A

heart and lungs

36
Q

Costal cartilage

A

cartilage that extends several inches

37
Q

True Ribs

A

Ribs 1-7, costal cartilage connects them to the sternum

38
Q

False Ribs

A

Ribs 8-12, costal cartilage does not directly connect to sternum

39
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Ribs 11-12, short ribs that do not attach to sternum at all

40
Q

Main bones of pectoral girdle

A

Scapula and clavicle

41
Q

Humerus

A

upper arm bone

42
Q

Radius

A

larger, outer bone of the forearm

43
Q

Ulna

A

smaller, inner bone of the forearm

44
Q

Carpals

A

small, ball-like bones in the lower part of the hand near the wrist

45
Q

Metacarpals

A

5 middle bones in the hand

46
Q

Phalanges

A

finger and toe bones (distal, middle, proximal)

47
Q

Femur

A

upper bone of the leg (thigh)

48
Q

Tibia

A

larger inner bone of the lower leg

49
Q

Fibula

A

smaller outer bone of the lower leg

50
Q

Tarsals

A

small bones in the foot near the ankle

51
Q

Metatarsals

A

middle bones in the foot

52
Q

Closed Fracture

A

if the injury does not break the skin

53
Q

Open Fracture

A

if the injury does break the skin

54
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

when a bone breaks at a 90-degree angle to the long axis of the bone

55
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

occurs when a long bone is broken by a twisting force

56
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

when a bone is broken or splintered into multiple pieces

57
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

a break where the ends are driven into each other

58
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

when a bone bends and cracks, but not into separate pieces

59
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

when the break is on an angle through the bone

3B-Victoria Scott (11 decks)

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