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3B-Victoria Scott > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Nervous System

A

detect impulses from the senses; control center of the body

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2
Q

Major Organs of Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, senses, nerves

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3
Q

Difference between Neurons and Neuroglia

A

Neurons make up 10% of the nervous system; Neuroglia is “nerve glue” and makes up 90% of the nervous system

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4
Q

Dendrite

A

receive the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

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5
Q

Soma

A

body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

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6
Q

Schwann Cells

A

allows myelin sheets to grow

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7
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

impulses jump from node to node, which increase speed of impulse

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8
Q

Myelin

A

insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

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9
Q

Axon

A

passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal

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10
Q

Axon Terminal

A

the button-like endings of axons through which axons make contact with other nerve cells

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11
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid meant to protect the brain from hitting the skull

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12
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of brain, Divided into 2 hemispheres
Gray and White Matter
Controls conscious activities

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13
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

voluntary movement, reasons and decision making, memory, ability to predict consequences of actions, planning, verbal communication

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14
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

sensations, visual-spatial processing, body position

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15
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual processing- vision & memory of objects

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16
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Memory, Comprehension & pronunciation of words, Sensations of smell and sound, Emotional association of memories

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17
Q

Thalamus

A

2 bulb-shaped halves in the center of the brain that

relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

18
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls hormones released by pituitary gland and responsible for autonomic processes (body temperature, hunger, sleep, thirst, blood volume, etc)

19
Q

Brainstem

A

Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord

20
Q

Midbrain

A

Relays info to cerebrum and controls body movements and postures

21
Q

Pons

A

The Bridge! Almost completely made of white matter that links cerebral cortex and cerebellum, Carries info from one side of brain to the other (why its called the bridge), Central control of breathing

22
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Located above the spinal cord, Transmits impulses between spinal cord and the brain, Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing

23
Q

Cerebellum

A

Second largest part of brain, Near back of skull, Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient, All involuntary movements, Aids in “muscle memory”

24
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Extends from the medulla oblongata, 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord, connecting to all parts of the body, Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain, A cross section of the spinal cord has a “butterfly” of gray matter surrounded by white matter

25
Q

Merkel’s Disk

A

touch

26
Q

Hair Follicle Receptor

A

touch

27
Q

Ruffini’s Corpuscle

A

touch and pressure

28
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

pressure

29
Q

Free Nerve Ending

A

pain and temperature

30
Q

Papillae

A

bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds that contain chemoreceptors

31
Q

Malleus

A

Hammer

32
Q

Incus

A

Anvil

33
Q

Stapes

A

Stirrup

34
Q

Cochlea

A

A bony snail shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid

35
Q

Cornea

A

Made of thick transparent tissue, allows light into the eye

36
Q

Pupil

A

The opening in the center of the iris, muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye
Low light- pupil wide open
High light- pupil nearly closed

37
Q

Iris

A

located behind the cornea, colored part of the eye, works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye

38
Q

Retina

A

located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors such as rods and cones

39
Q

Lens

A

a semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina

40
Q

Nearsighted vs Farsighted

A

In farsightedness the eyeball is too short and in nearsightedness the eyeball is too long

3B-Victoria Scott (11 decks)

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