Respiratory System Flashcards
Primary Functions
To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
Remove the waste product carbon dioxide
Help to maintain acid-base balance
Secondary Functions
Sensing odors
Speech production
Straining (during childbirth or coughing)
Conducting Zones
Moves air in/out of lungs
Respiratory Zone
Moves gases in/out of the blood
Nose
The major entrance and exit for the respiratory system
Pharynx
The human pharynx is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx
Larnynx
The larynx is the cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs. The larynx is also involved in sound production and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.
Trachea
The trachea (windpipe) is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air
Alveolar Duct
An alveolar duct is a tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli
Aveolus
An alveolus is one of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts
Alveolar Sac
An alveolar sac is a cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange
Boyle’s Law Formula
p1V1 = p2V2
pV=k
p=k/V
Boyle’s Law Test Explanation
Pressure and volume are inversely related
Inspiration
air enters the body and the thoracic cavity expands, external intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm contracts
Experation
air enters the body and the thoracic cavity reduces, external intercostal muscles relax, diaphragm relaxes
Medulla Oblongata
The control center that tells us to breathe
Eupnea
Quiet breathing, also known as eupnea, is a mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual. During quiet breathing, the diaphragm and external intercostals must contract
Diaphragmatic breathing
A deep breath, called diaphragmatic breathing, requires the diaphragm to contract. As the diaphragm relaxes, air passively leaves the lungs
Hyperpnea
forced breathing, also known as hyperpnea, is a mode of breathing that can occur during exercise or actions that require the active manipulation of breathing, such as singing. During forced breathing, inspiration and expiration both occur due to muscle contractions
Diaphragm
This is the main breathing muscle. A signal is sent from the brain, and the diaphragm contracts and flattens, thereby increasing the space in the thoracic cavity. The increase in volume in the thoracic cavity causes a decrease in pressure in the thoracic cavity that is transmitted to the lungs
Atelectasis
A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by either viruses, fungi, protists, or bacteria
Asthma
Asthma is a potentially life-threatening lung condition in which the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs, known as bronchospasm
Emphysema
Emphysema is a nonreversible lung condition in which the alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floppy”
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a lung disease in which there are inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced
Pneumothorax
A pneumothorax is a condition in which there is air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that thrives in areas of the body that have high oxygen content such as the lung
