Muscular System Flashcards
Skeletal Muscle
voluntary, striated
Cardiac Muscle
involuntary, heart muscle, striated
Smooth Muscle
involuntary, not striated
Exicability
able to send electrical waves along the entire length
Elasticity
Having the ability to recoil to the original length
Extensibility
Allows muscles to stretch and extend
Contractility
Allows muscles to pull on its attachment and shorten
Fascicle
The muscle fibers that are arranged in bundles
Epimysium
Outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium
Separates and surrounds fascicles
Endomysium
Surrounds each individual muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Muscle fiber membrane
Myofibril
Individual parallel muscle fibers (made up of actin and myosin)
Sarcoplasm
Inner material surrounding the myofibril (equivalent to the cell’s cytoplasm)
Actin
Thin filaments
Myosin
Thick filaments
Subclavius
Target motion direction: Depression
Movement: Stabilizes clavicle during movement by depressing it
Serratus Anterior
Target motion direction: Scapula protracts; Ribs elevate
Movement: Moves arms from from side of body to front of body; assists with inhalation
Trapezius
Target motion direction: Scapula rotates inferiorly, retracts, elevates, and depresses; Spine extends
Movement: Elevates shoulders (shrugging), pulls shoulder blades together, tilts head backwards
Rhomboid Major
Target motion direction: Retracts; rotates inferiorly
Movement: Stabilizes scapula during pectoral girdle movement
Pectoralis Major
Target motion direction: Flexion, adduction, medial rotation
Movement: Brings elbows together, moves elbow up (as during an uppercut punch)
Latissimus dorsi
Target motion direction: Humerus extension, adduction, and medial rotation; scapula depression
Movement: moves elbow back (as if elbowing someone behind you); spreads elbows apart
Deltoid
Target motion direction: Abduction, flexion, extension, and medial and lateral rotation
Movement: lifts arms at the shoulder
Supraspinatus
Target motion direction: abduction
Movement: rotates the elbow outwards (as if during a tennis swing)
Teres Major
Target motion direction: extension, adduction
Movement: Assists the infraspinatus in rotating the elbow outwards
Biceps Brachii
Target motion direction: flexion, supination
Movement: performs a bicep curl, also allows palm of hand to point toward the body while flexing
Triceps Brachii
Target motion direction: extension
Movement: extends forearm (as in a punch)
Pronator teres
Target motion direction: Pronation
Movement: Turn hands palm-down
Supinator
Target motion direction: Supination
Movement: Turn hands palm-up
Iliacus
Target motion direction: thigh: flexion and lateral rotation; torso: flexion
Movement: raises the knee at the hip, as if performing a knee attack; also assists the lateral rotators in twisting the thighs (and lower leg) outward, and assists with bending over and maintaining posture
Gluteus Maximus
Target motion direction: Extension
Movement: lowers the knee and moves the thigh back, as when getting ready to kick a ball
Gluteus Medius
Target motion direction: Abduction
Movement: opens the thighs like when doing a split
Gluteus Minimus
Target motion direction: Abduction
Movement: brings the thighs back together
Adductor Longus
Target motion direction: adduction; flexion
Movement: brings the thighs back together; also assists with raising the knee
Rectus Femoris
Target motion direction: tibia/fibula: extension; thigh: flexion
Movement: moves the lower leg out in front of the body, as if kicking; also assists in raising the knee
Biceps Femoris
Target motion direction: tibia/fibula: flexion; thigh: extension, lateral rotation
Movement: moves the back of the lower leg up and back towards the buttocks, as when kneeling; moves the thigh down and back and twists the thigh (and lower leg) outward
Tibialis Anterior
Target motion direction: dorsiflexion; inversion
Movement: raises the sole of the foot off the ground as when preparing to foot-tap; bends the inside of the foot upwards, as when catching your balance while falling laterally toward the opposite side as the balancing foot
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Target motion direction: foot: dorsiflexion; big toe: extension
Movement: raises the sole of the foot off the ground as when preparing to foot-tap; extends big toe
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Target motion direction: foot: dorsiflexion; toes: extension
Movement: raises the sole of the foot off the ground as when preparing to foot-tap; extends toes
Gastrocnemius
Target motion direction: foot: plantar flexion; tibia/ fibula: flexion
Movement: lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as in when foot tapping or jumping; also assists in moving the back of the lower legs up and back to the buttocks
Soleus
Target motion direction: plantar flexion
Movement: lowers the sole of the foot to the ground as when foot tapping or jumping; also maintains posture when walking
Tibialis Posterior
Target motion direction: plantar flexion
Movement: lowers the sole of the foot to the ground as when foot tapping or jumping
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Target motion direction: foot: plantar flexion and inversion; toes: flexion
Movement: lowers the sole of the foot to the ground as when foot tapping or jumping; also bends the inside of foot upward and flexes the toes
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Target motion direction: big toe: flexion; foot: plantar flexion
Movement: flexes the big toe
