Integumentary System Flashcards
Main Organs
Hair, Skin, Nails
Protection
Protects against harmful substances and water loss
Sensory Function
Senses the environment around you
Thermoregulation
Helps regulate body temperature by sweating and goosebumps
Vitamin D Synthesis
Vitamin D is synthesized when skin is exposed to UV radiation. Vitamin D helps absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are used to make healthy bones.
Keratinocyte
A cell that manufactures and stores keratin
Keratin
A protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties
Thick Skin
- S Corneum, 2. S Lucidum, 3. S Granulosum, 4. S Spinosum, 5. S Basale
Thin Skin*
- S Corneum, 3. S Granulosum, 4. S Spinosum, 5. S Basale *only found on palms and soles
Epidermis
1st layer of skin made up of 5 layers (stratums) and thick and thin skin
Dermis
2nd layer of skin that has blood and lymph vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. Made up of the papillary layer and reticular layer
Hypodermis
3rd layer of skin used to connect skin to bones and muscles. Contains fat and is used as insulation and cushioning
Stratum Corneum
most superficial layer, on the outside, 15-30 layers of cells
Stratum Lucidum
smooth, translucent layer of epidermis
Stratum Granulosum
grainy appearance
Stratum Spinosum
spiny appearance
Stratum Basale
Single layer of cells, primarily basal cells,
Hair
A strand of keratin growing out of the epidermis
Follicle
Where strands of hair originate in the dermis
Shaft
The part of the hair that is not anchored down to the follicle and is exposed on the skin’s surface
Root
The hair that is anchored to the follicle that is below the surface of the skin
Free Edge
Part of the nail bed that has died and sticks out
Lunula
A thick layer of epithelium in the shape of a crescent
Cuticle
Layer of clear skin at the bottom of the nail
Nail Root
Part of the nail that is under the finger and has proliferating cells that make the nail grow continuously
Pores
Small holes in the epidermis where sweat is released
Eccrine Sweat Gland
Salty sweat used for thermoregulation and found all over the skin, especially the palms, soles, and forehead. They are in the dermis
Apocrine Sweat Gland
Sweat glands in dense hairy areas and are in the dermis/hypodermis. Sweat is made of water, salt, and compounds that make the sweat thicker and subject to bacterial decomposition, making it smell
Skin
Largest organ that is made up of 3 layers and is the first layer of protection for the body
Superficial to deep
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Common form of skin cancer, cancer forms in basal cells, comes from chronic sun exposure
Symptoms: white, skin colored, or pink bumps, a dark colored spots, flat, scaly, red patches, white, waxy, scar-like spots
Treatment: wear sunscreen and protective clothing, avoid tanning beds, don’t go out during midday sun
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2nd most common type of skin cancer, caused by sun exposure and genetics
Symptoms: flat sore with scaly crust, new or raised sore on an old scar, a rough scaly patch on the lip that may turn into an open sore, a red sore or rough patch on the inside of the mouth
Treatment: surgery, radiation
Melanoma
Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes that makes melanin. This causes discoloration in the skin
Symptoms: redness, swelling, discoloration of skin
Treatment: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
Eczema
A skin condition that makes skin red, itchy, and flaky
Symptoms: dry skin, itching, scaly skin, bumps
Treatment: avoiding harsh soaps, medical creams
Acne
Occurs when the pores of skin become blocked with oil, dead skin, or bacteria
Symptoms: pimples, scarring, bumps on the face
Treatment: medicine, washing the face
1st Degree Burn
Least serious, affects epidermis, get it from sunburns, scalding, and electrical burns
Symptoms: redness, dry skin, swelling, pain
Treatment: cool water and time
2nd Degree Burn
Affects the epidermis and dermis, looks wet or moist, caused by overexposure to the sun or other radiation, chemical, and electrical burns
Symptoms: blisters, pain, swelling, red or white splotches of skin
Treatment: rinse the burn in cool water, clean the burn, bandage the burn, go to the doctor
3rd Degree Burn
Affects all layers of skin, causes blood loss and damages nerves
Symptoms: burned skin looks black, brown, or white, leathery skin, nerves can be destroyed resulting in numbness
Treatment: Hospital, cut off dead tissue
4th Degree Burn
Most severe, goes deep to muscle or bone, destroys nerves, no feeling
Symptoms: charred skin possibly white, exposed bone or muscle tissue
Treatment: hospital, raise the burn above the heart, cover with loose bandages, flush with water if chemical burn
Stretch Marks
A type of scar the occurs when skin stretches, from weight loss or gain or pregnancy
Symptoms: scars
Treatment: Creams and time
Calluses
Small areas of thickened skin formed by repetitive friction on an area of skin
Symptoms: pain, hard area on skin,
Treatments: soaking in warm soapy water and scraping the callus off
