Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function

Question 1

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 1

Muscle tissue that is under voluntary control; responsible for movement at all bodily joints

Question 2

Smooth Muscle

Answer 2

Muscle tissue that is involuntary; Found mainly in organs and blood vessels

Question 3

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 3

Muscle tissue that has a straited apperance and can grow as a result of exercise training

Question 4

Movement of blood from one area of the body to another requires the ________ of vessels in the region where blood is needed, and __________ of the vessels in all other regions

Answer 4

Vasodilation (widening); vasocontriction (narrowing)

Question 5

Hypertrophy

Answer 5

Grow larger

Question 6

Atrophy

Answer 6

A given fiber shrinks (use it or loose it)

Question 7

Myofibrils

Answer 7

Contractile components that allow for strenght and performance of the muscles

Question 8

Myofilaments

Answer 8

Also known as protein filaments (actin and myosin); the cross-bridges along their length

Question 9

Actin

Answer 9

Thin filament

Question 10

Myosin

Answer 10

Thick filaments

Question 11

Sliding filament theory

Answer 11

Describes the muscle contractile process; Result of a repetitive cycle of thing filaments sliding over thick filaments

Question 12

Hypertrophic Protein Synthesis

Answer 12

Process by which actin and myosin are repaired

Question 13

Z-line

Answer 13

End caps of the sacromere

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

“Free” ribosomes found floating inside cell cytoplasm

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Protein builders

Question 16

Smallest structure to largest structure

Answer 16

Actin & myosin, myofibril, muscle fiber, motor unit

Question 17

Red, slow twich muscle fibers

Answer 17

Used during a marathon/for endurance; low fatigue

Question 18

Red, fast twich fibers

Answer 18

Used during basketball or 1 mile run; Lactate build-up is the type of fatigue

Question 19

White, fast twich fibers

Answer 19

Used for high jump or short sprint; Fatigues quickly

Question 20

Immediate Recruitment

Answer 20

Only the minimum number of motor units are required to move a given weight

Question 21

Depleting Energy Recruitment

Answer 21

Each repeition will slowly deplete the working motor units of energy

Question 22

Contractile Speed Recruitment

Answer 22

Maximum contraction against a submaximal resistance (less than what the individual is capable of)

Question 23

Three reaons a muscle fiber stops contracting

Answer 23

Myofibril failure; intermediate failure; mitchondrial failure

Question 24

Myofibril failure

Answer 24

Failure that occurs if the resistance is so great that contractile components fail; causes the greatest amount of muscle damage; failure at 4 to 6 rep range

Question 25

Intermediate failure

Answer 25

Failure where contractile components are failing at the same time that short energy is depleted; 12 to 15 rep range for this failure

Question 26

Mitochondrial failure

Answer 26

Failure that occurs as a result of depleted energy and a build up of lactic acid; 20 to 25 rep rance for failure

Question 27

“Lifestyle prescription”

Answer 27

• Healthy diet
• Regular physical actiivty
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Managing stress
• Avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol

Question 28

Stroke volume

Answer 28

Volume of blood being pumped from the left ventricle in one beat

Question 29

Myoglobin

Answer 29

Protein that carries oxygen inside the muscle tissue

Question 30

Hemoglobin

Answer 30

Protein that carries oxygen in the blood to the body

Question 31

a-v02 difference

Answer 31

Difference between oxygenated blood (arterial blood) and deoxygenated blood (venous blood)

Question 32

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Answer 32

“bad” cholesterol

Question 33

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Answer 33

“good” cholesterol