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CPT Review > Anatomical Terms and Biomechanics > Flashcards

Anatomical Terms and Biomechanics Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

On the front of the body

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2
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

On the back of the body

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3
Q

Superior

A

Above, toward the upper part of body

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4
Q

Inferior

A

Below, toward the lower part of the body

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to the point of origin from center of body

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6
Q

Distal

A

Furthest from the point of origin from center of body

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7
Q

Medial

A

Towards the middle of the body

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the middle of the body

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9
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides of the body

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10
Q

Peripheral

A

Toward the extremities

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11
Q

Unilateral

A

One side of the body

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12
Q

Superficial

A

Toward outer surface

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13
Q

Deep muscle

A

Towards the inner body

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14
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the body or body’s midline

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15
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the body or body’s midline

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16
Q

Flexion

A

Bending of a joint that decreases the angle (elbow bending)

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17
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of a joint that increase the angle (straightening of the elbow)

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18
Q

Circumduction

A

Motion of circular movement; rotating the foot around the ankle (uses abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension); arm circles

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19
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Movement of body part about its axis turning inward or toward the body

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20
Q

External Rotation

A

Movement of body part turning outward or away from the body

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21
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement of body part

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22
Q

Retraction

A

Posterior movement of body part

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23
Q

Hypoextension

A

Less than normal, under-extended, cannot extend the knee because of a tight hamstring

24
Q

Hyperextension

A

Beyond normal limits, over extended, bending a body part “backwards”

25
Q

Gliding

A

Movement of non-angular joints over each other

26
Q

Deviation

A

Departure from the midline

27
Q

Pronation

A

Palm turning downward into a posterior position when the arm is down at one’s side

28
Q

Supination

A

Palm turning upward into anterior position when arm is down at the side; outward roll of the foot

29
Q

Inversion

A

Turning both feet inward (soles face each other)

30
Q

Eversion

A

Turning both feet outward (soles face away from each other)

31
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Ankle; pointing foot up toward shin

32
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Ankle; point foot downward (tiptoes)

33
Q

Proximal to the wrist

A

Elbow

34
Q

Distal to the hip

A

Ankle

35
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

Load on muscle is greater than the tension; no movement taking place

36
Q

Isokinetic Contraction

A

Muscle contracts and shortens at a constant rate of speed; Quickest method for increasing muscle strength

37
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

Simple contraction; Successfully pushing or pulling a load/object

38
Q

Concentric Contraction

A

Causes the muscle to decrease/shorten in length; active and voluntary action resulting in movement

39
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

Causes the muscle to increase/lengthen, controlled resistance is returned to the starting position

40
Q

Sagittal Plane (vertical)

A

Divides right and left sides; flexion/extension

41
Q

Frontal Plane (coronal or lateral plane)

A

Divides the anterior and posterior; abduction or adduction

42
Q

Transverse Plane (horizontal)

A

Divides the inferior and superior parts; Interal or external rotation

43
Q

Ligamentous joints

A

Immovable; have no joint cavity and permit little to no movement

44
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Slightly moveable; attached by cartilage (growth regions of immature children)

45
Q

Synovial joints

A

Highly moveable; Cartilage is used to cushion the bone and decrease friction (ball and socket joint such as the shoulder)

46
Q

Ligaments are _______ elastic than tendons and are _______ prone to tearing than tendons.

A

less; more

47
Q

Agonists

A

Also known as prime movers; primarily resposible for the movement

48
Q

Synergists

A

Also known as neutralizers; provide for assistance of the prime mover

49
Q

Biceps

A

Antagonist to triceps

50
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Attaches at the 12th rib; stabilizes the lumbar spine in all planes of motion

51
Q

Internal and external obliques

A

Rotate the trunk

52
Q

Flexion

A

Main function of the rectus abdominis

53
Q

Parts of the hamstring muscle

A

Biceps femoris, semiteninosus, semimembranosus

54
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Extends the hip

55
Q

Muscles that make up the quadriceps

A

Rectus femoris, vasuts lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

56
Q

Compound movement

A

Exercises that use more than one joint

57
Q

Simple movement

A

Exercises that isolate only one joint

CPT Review (12 decks)

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