Nutrient Metabolism

Question 1

Gluconegenesis

Answer 1

Converting glucose to glycogen to maintain a proper level of glucose in the blood

Question 2

Liver

Answer 2

“Specialist” in digestive functions

Question 3

Functions of the liver

Answer 3

• produce substances that break down fats
• gluconeogenesis
• produce urea
• make certain amino acids
• filter harmful substances from the blood
• storage of vitamin A, D, K, and B12

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

All physical and chemical reactions in the body that use or convert energy

Question 5

Glucose

Answer 5

What the liver changes all simple sugars into

Question 6

The liver produces about 80% of the cholesterol in the body

Answer 6

True

Question 7

The two parts of nutrient metabolism

Answer 7

Catabolism and anabolism

Question 8

Catabolism

Answer 8

Breakdown of molecules for energy

Question 9

Anabolism

Answer 9

Synthesis of all compounds needed to repair damaged tissue

Question 10

The three macronutrients

Answer 10

Fat, carbohydrate, protein

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

Secreted by the pancreas in response to low blood sugar levels

Question 12

Glycogenolysis

Answer 12

Process by which stored glycogen is released from the liver to maintain blood sugar

Question 13

Glycosis

Answer 13

Occurs in the cytosol of the cell; breakdown and conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid for the production of ATP

Question 14

Glucose

Answer 14

Only usable form of simple sugar in the body

Question 15

Glycogen

Answer 15

Product of conversoin from unused glucose that is stored for energy

Question 16

Soluble fiber

Answer 16

You know you have eaten too much when you have stomach cramps; Easier to digest

Question 17

Insoluble fiber

Answer 17

NOT digestible; absorbs water in the small intestines; lacking in this will reduce the efficiency of waste excertion

Question 18

Glycemic Index

Answer 18

Gives a measure of the quality of carbohydrae

Question 19

Glycemic load

Answer 19

Indicates the quantity of carbohydrates; helps us understand how blood sugar is affected by carb consumption

Question 20

Phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterols

Answer 20

What ingested fats are broken down into

Question 21

Pepsin

Answer 21

The enzyme that breaks down protein after it is ingested

Question 22

Catalysts

Answer 22

The first and most vital function of amino acids is to become this; perform cellular work

Question 23

Protein synthesis

Answer 23

2nd basic function of amino acids; repair and build new tissue