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MSK Final > Skeletal muscle and nerve tissue > Flashcards

Skeletal muscle and nerve tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What surrounds individual muscle fibers?

A

endomysium

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2
Q

What are fascicles? what surrounds it?

A

groups of individual muscle fibers

perimysium

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3
Q

What surrounds the entire muscle?

A

epimysium

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4
Q

Where are the nuclei for skeletal muscle cells?

A

on periphery of cells

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5
Q

What is the cytoplasm of muscle cells composed of?

A

myofibrils

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6
Q

What are the two components of muscle cells that allow contraction?

A

actin (thin)

myosin (thick)

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7
Q

What is a Z line? what is the area between two z lines called?

A

z lines are the anchoring points for actin filaments

z line to z line is a sarcomere

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8
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

the basic contractile unit of a muscle cell

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9
Q

What is the I band composed of?

A

actin

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10
Q

What is the M line?

A

anchor site for myosin (M line is in middle of thing)

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11
Q

What contained in the H zone?

A

myosin

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12
Q

What is the A band?

A

where actin and myosin overlap

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13
Q

Where is calcium stored in muscle cells?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounding each fascicle

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14
Q

What is the function of a T tubules?

A

allows the depolarization wave to move through the muscle tissue

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15
Q

What is the terminal cisternae?

A

dilated ends of sarcoplasmic reticulum that releases calcium

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16
Q

What is the relationship between myofibril and sarcomere?

A

myofibrils contain thousands of sarcomeres

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17
Q

What is the function of tropomyosin?

A

wrapped around actin, covers of myosin binding sites until activated by troponin T

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18
Q

What is the function of troponin C?

A

binds calcium

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19
Q

What is the function of troponin T?

A

bind tropomyosin once troponin C binds calcium

20
Q

What is the function of troponin I?

A

inhibit muscle contraction

21
Q

what is happening on the macromolecular level during muscle contraction?

A

actin is sliding past myosin towards the M line, this brings the z line together without changing the length of actin or myosin

22
Q

What is needed to unbind actin and myosin

A

ATP

23
Q

What are type I muscle fibers?

A

slow twitch (oxidative)
weak sustained contraction (aerobic)
contains lots of myoglobin

24
Q

What are type IIa muscle fibers?

A 
fast twitch (oxidative)
strong, fast contraction that cant be sustained
25
Q

What are type IIb muscle fibers

A

fast twitch (glycolytic)
largest and most prevelant
fast ATPase provides power and speed that cant be sustained for long
anaerobic

26
Q

What are the components of a neuron?

A

cell body, axons, dendrites

27
Q

What are clumps of neurons called in the CNS vs the PNS

A

CNS is nuclei

PNS is ganglia

28
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

one dendrite one axon

29
Q

What is a pseudounipolar neuron?

A

the weird weird one idk, just go look at a picture

30
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

many dendrites and one axon

31
Q

What is the substance in the rER of neurons

A

Nissl substance

32
Q

What part sends signals? what part receives?

A

axons, dendrites

33
Q

What is the function of schwann cells?

A

myelinate PNS axons

34
Q

How does myelination speed up signal conduction?

A

creates nodes so the signal jumps from node to node

35
Q

What surrounds entire nerve fascicles?

A

epineurium

36
Q

What surrounds clusters of axons?

A

perioneurium

37
Q

What surrounds individual axons

A

endoneurium

38
Q

What is the function of a neuromuscular juntion

A

nerve innervating skeletal muscle by releasing ACh into the synaptic cleft

39
Q

What are the steps of the cellular mechanisms in the neuromuscular junction?

A
  1. ACh released by axon
  2. ACh stimulates change in sarcolemma that excites fiber and carried down T tubule
  3. Enzymes break down ACh
40
Q

What problems can arise in the neuromuscular juntion?

A

probably a shit enzyme that isnt breaking down ACh,

myasthenia gravis where antibodies bind antagonistically to the ACh receptors

41
Q

What is the function of a muscle spindle receptor?

A

monitor change in length, rate of change, and tension in muscles

42
Q

What are intrafusal fibers?

A

specialized fibers inside a muscle spindle receptor

43
Q

What are nuclear bag fibers? What do they detect?

A

fibers wrapped by type Ia nerve fibers

-detect change in length/degree of tension

44
Q

WHat are nuclear chain fibers? what do they detect?

A

wrapped at their ends by type II nerve fibers

-detect static muscle strength.

45
Q

What are extrafusal fibers?

A

fibers outside the spindle (alpha motor fibers)

MSK Final (15 decks)

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