Deep back and suboccipital triangle Flashcards
What muscles are in the splenius group?
splenius capitis, splenius cervicis
What is the most superficial of the deep back miscles
splenius group
How do deep back muscles receive nervous innervation?
posterior rami of spinal nerves
What muscles are in the erector spinae group?
medial to lateral
spinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
longissimus (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
iliocostalis (lumborum, cervicis, thoracis)
What muscles are in the transversospinalis group?
semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
multifidus
rotatores
What muscles are also there and just kinda do stuff?
minor deep layer
interspinales (this one is “es” for some reason)
intertransversarii
levator costarum
What is the blood supply to the deep neck?
ascending cervical a
vertebral a
costocervical trunk giving rise to deep cervical a.
What is the blood supply to the deep back?
deep cervical artery
What are some features of atlas (C1)
no body, no spinous process) superior articular facets for occipital condyles, facet for dens
What are some features of axis? (C2)
has a dens
How do axis and atlas articulate?
medial atlantoaxial joint (dens and dens facet)
lateral atlantoaxial joint
ligamentous attachment-posterior atlanto occipital membrane
How can atlas be injured? What part breaks?
crush injury (dive in shallow, car accident) lateral mass breaks from anterior tubercle or posterior tubercle (anterior or posterior arch breaks
How is axis injured? What is the name for this fracture?
What part is fractured?
abrupt hyperextension of neck (also acceleration/decelleration/whiplash), hangmans fracture
-pars interarticularis fracture (between superior and inferior articular facets)
How would you break the dens?
horizontal blow to the head
What occurs in a spinal sprain?
ligament injury, no dislocation or fracture
-occurs in spine due to excessive rotation or extension of back
what occurs in a deep back strain?
deep back muscles injured from overly strong contraction typically the erector spinae group
What soft tissue injuries can occur to the back and what causes?
caused by whiplash
anterior longitudinal ligament injured and sometimes avulsion fracture of vertebrae
What nerves are irritated in occipital neuralgia? What causes this? what are Sx?
greater and lesser occipital n.
cause: OA, neck injury, muscle spasm
sx-burning, stabbing pain w/ movement, scalp tenderness, pain behind eyes
What nerves and vasculature are located in the suboccipital triangle?
greater/lesser occipital n
suboccipital n
vertebral a
What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle
rectus capitis posterior major and minor
obliquus capitis inferior and superior
Describe the position of the vertebral a in the suboccipital region and its clinical significance to blood supply for the brain
begins at subclavian, travels through transverse foramen of C7 –> C2 and join medially to form basilar a.
if this is impinged by the atlantoaxial joint there is reduced blood flow to the brain causing dizziness and confusion
