All muscles, innervations, actions, and what happens if a nerve sucks Flashcards
Trapezius
CNXI accessory spinal n.
elevate, retract, and upward rotation of scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
thoracodorsal n. -extend humerus -adduct humerus -medially rotate humerus (like swimming stroke prevents upward displacement of shoulder while hanging
Levator scapulae
dorsal scapular n., cervical spinal n
elevate/downward rotation of scapla
rhomboid major
dorsal scapular n.
retract, elevate downward rotation of scapula
rhomboid minor
dorsal scapular n
retract, elevate, downward rotation of scapula
serratus anterior
long thoracic n.
protract scapula, upward rotation of scapula
deltoid
axillary n
anterior fibers: flex, medial rotation humerus
middle fibers: arm abduction
posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotate humerus
supraspinatus
suprascapular n.
assists in abduction
-lateral rotation of humerus
infraspinatus
suprascapular n.
lateral rotation of humerus
teres minor
axillary n
lateral rotation of humerus
subscapularis
upper and lower subscapular n.
medial rotation/stabilize glenohumeral something
teres major
lower subscapular n.
adduction, medial rotation, extension of humerus
serratus posterior inferior/superior
anterior rami of spinal nerves of brachial plexus
proprioception, assist with respiration
splenius capitis
posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilateral: rotate to ipsilateral side, flex neck
bilateral: extend head
splenius cervicis
posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilateral: rotate to ipsilateral side, flex neck
bilateral: extend head
iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilaterally: laterally flex
bilateral: extend vertebral column and head
longissimus
posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilaterally: laterally flex
bilateral: extend vertebral column and head
spinalis
posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilaterally: laterally flex
bilateral: extend vertebral column and head
semispinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)
posterior rami of spinal nerves
most superficial
extend, rotate contralaterally, stabilize
multifidus
posterior rami of spinal nerves
stabilize vertebrae
rotatores
posterior rami of spinal nerves
stabilize vertebrae, assist with rotation
interspinales
posterior rami of spinal nerves
extension/rotation of vertebrae
intertransversarii
posterior rami of spinal nerves
lateral flexion, stabilization
levatores costarum
posterior rami of spinal nerves
elevate ribs to assist with respiration
rectus capitis posterior major and minor
suboccipital n. posterior rami of C1
extension of head
ipsilateral rotation of head
oblique capitis superior
suboccipital n. posterior rami of C1
extension of head
lateral flexion of head
oblique capitis inferior
suboccipital n. posterior rami of C1
ipsilateral rotation of head
coracobrachialis
musculocutaneous n.
flex humerus
adduct humerus
biceps brachii
musculocutaneous n.
flex elbow
supinate forearm
weak shoulder flexor
brachialis
musculocutaneous n
flex elbow
triceps brachii
radial n.
extend elbow
pronator teres
median n.
pronate forearm
flex elbow
flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar n.
flex wrist
adduct wrist
flexor carpi radialis
median n.
flex wrist
abduct wrist
palmaris longus
median n.
flex wrist
tense aponeurosis
flexor digitorum superficialis
median n.
flex digits at proximal IPJ and MCP (attaches to middle phalange)
pronator quadratus
anterior interosseous branch ofmedian n.
pronates forearm
flexor pollicis longus
anterior interosseous branch branch of median n.
flex thumb
flexor digitorum profundus
Digit 4-5 ulnar n, digit 2-3 anterior interosseous branch of median n.
attaches to distal phalange so flexes finger there
What occurs if you damage the accessory spinal nerve?
trapezius is paralyzed
patient is weak to shrug/elevate shoulders against resistance
What nerve is injured if the patient is unable to shrug shoulders against resistance?
accessory spinal n nerve (trapezius)
What occurs if you damage the thoracodorsal n.?
latissimus dorsi paralyzed
unable to pull body up (like climbing or pullup)
cannot use crutches because it displaces shoulder too far superiorly
What nerve is injured if a patient is unable to pull up their bodyweight and their shoulders get displaced superiorly if using crutches? What is the most common cause of an injury to this nerve?
thoracodorsal n.
vulnerable to surgery due to its location
What occurs if you damage the long thoracic nerve?
serratus anterior paralized
causes scapula to move laterally and posteriorly and has a “wing like” appearance
Your patient was in a knife/gun fight has a wing like scapula, he is also unable to abduct past horizontal, what nerve is injured?
long thoracic nerve (serratus anterior paralized)
What occurs if the suprascapular n is injured?
drop sign, patient cant do controlled adduction due to lack of innervation of supraspinatus and infraspinatus
probably cant laterally rotate either, maybe have instability
A patient has drop sign and cant control their adduction, what nerve is injured?
suprascapular n. (supraspinatus and infraspinatus)
What occurs if the axillary n is damaged? What is a common cause of this?
deltoid atrophy, weak deltoid movements
caused by dislocations/fractures
A patient has an atrophied flat looking deltoid, what nerve is injured?
axillary (deltoid fucked)
What occurs if the dorsal scapular n is injured?
rhomboids are useless
scapula on affected side moves further from midline (because rhomboids cant keep it in place
A patient comes in with one scapula further from midline, what nerve is injured?
dorsal scapular n. (rhomboids weak)
pectoralis major
medial and lateral pectoral n
adduct and medially rotate humerus
pectoralis minor
medial pectoral n.
depress/downward rotate scapula
brachioradialis
radial n.
weak arm flexion, best when pronated
extensor carpi radialis longus
radial n.
extend wrist, abduct wrist
extensor carpi radialis brevis
deep radial n.
extend wrist, abduct wrist
extensor digitorum longus
deep radial n.
extends MJP and IPJ
extensor carpi ulnaris
deep radial n.
extend wrist
adduct wrist
extensor digiti minimi
deep radial n
makes you fancy (extend pink at MJP and IPJ
supinator
deep radial n
supinate forearm
abductor pollicis longus
posterior interosseous n.
abduct thumb, extends at CM joint
extensor pollicis longus
posterior interosseous nradial n
extend distal phalanx of thumb and IPJ and MPJ joints
extensor pollicis brevis
posterior interosseousnradial n.
extend proximal phalanx of thumb at MPJ, extends CM joint
extensor indicis
posterior interosseous radial n
extend point finger, assists in wrist extension
What nerve is damaged if you fracture the surgical neck of the humerus?
axillary n.
causes deltoid and quadrangular space atrophy
What nerve is damaged if you fracture the spiral groove of the humerus?
radial, causes wrist drop
abductor pollicis brevis
recurrent branch of median n.
abduct thumb
opponens pollicis
recurrent branch of median n.
opposition of thumb
flexor pollicis brevis (2 heads)
recurrent branch of median n (superficial head)
deep ulnar n. (deep head)
flex thumb
adductor pollicis (2 heads)
transverse and oblique heads
deep ulnar n.
adduction of thumb
flexor digiti minimi brevis
ulnar n.
flex pinky
opponens digiti minimi
ulnar n
opposition
lumbricals
deep ulnar n.
flexion of MCP when flexed
extension when extended
palmar interossei (3)
deep ulnar n.
PAD
dorsal interossei (4)
deep ulnar n.
DAB
