All muscles, innervations, actions, and what happens if a nerve sucks Flashcards by Eric Hovda

Q

Trapezius

A

CNXI accessory spinal n.

elevate, retract, and upward rotation of scapula

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Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

thoracodorsal n.
-extend humerus
-adduct humerus
-medially rotate humerus
(like swimming stroke
prevents upward displacement of shoulder while hanging

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Q

Levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular n., cervical spinal n

elevate/downward rotation of scapla

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Q

rhomboid major

A

dorsal scapular n.

retract, elevate downward rotation of scapula

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Q

rhomboid minor

A

dorsal scapular n

retract, elevate, downward rotation of scapula

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Q

serratus anterior

A

long thoracic n.

protract scapula, upward rotation of scapula

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Q

deltoid

A

axillary n
anterior fibers: flex, medial rotation humerus
middle fibers: arm abduction
posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotate humerus

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Q

supraspinatus

A

suprascapular n.
assists in abduction
-lateral rotation of humerus

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Q

infraspinatus

A

suprascapular n.

lateral rotation of humerus

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Q

teres minor

A

axillary n

lateral rotation of humerus

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Q

subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular n.

medial rotation/stabilize glenohumeral something

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Q

teres major

A

lower subscapular n.

adduction, medial rotation, extension of humerus

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Q

serratus posterior inferior/superior

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves of brachial plexus

proprioception, assist with respiration

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Q

splenius capitis

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilateral: rotate to ipsilateral side, flex neck
bilateral: extend head

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Q

splenius cervicis

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilateral: rotate to ipsilateral side, flex neck
bilateral: extend head

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Q

iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilaterally: laterally flex
bilateral: extend vertebral column and head

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Q

longissimus

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilaterally: laterally flex
bilateral: extend vertebral column and head

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Q

spinalis

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves
Unilaterally: laterally flex
bilateral: extend vertebral column and head

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Q

semispinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves
most superficial
extend, rotate contralaterally, stabilize

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Q

multifidus

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

stabilize vertebrae

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Q

rotatores

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

stabilize vertebrae, assist with rotation

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Q

interspinales

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

extension/rotation of vertebrae

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Q

intertransversarii

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

lateral flexion, stabilization

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Q

levatores costarum

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

elevate ribs to assist with respiration

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rectus capitis posterior major and minor

suboccipital n. posterior rami of C1 extension of head ipsilateral rotation of head

oblique capitis superior

suboccipital n. posterior rami of C1 extension of head lateral flexion of head

oblique capitis inferior

suboccipital n. posterior rami of C1 | ipsilateral rotation of head

coracobrachialis

musculocutaneous n. flex humerus adduct humerus

biceps brachii

musculocutaneous n. flex elbow supinate forearm weak shoulder flexor

brachialis

musculocutaneous n | flex elbow

triceps brachii

radial n. | extend elbow

pronator teres

median n. pronate forearm flex elbow

flexor carpi ulnaris

ulnar n. flex wrist adduct wrist

flexor carpi radialis

median n. flex wrist abduct wrist

palmaris longus

median n. flex wrist tense aponeurosis

flexor digitorum superficialis

median n. | flex digits at proximal IPJ and MCP (attaches to middle phalange)

pronator quadratus

anterior interosseous branch ofmedian n. | pronates forearm

flexor pollicis longus

anterior interosseous branch branch of median n. | flex thumb

flexor digitorum profundus

Digit 4-5 ulnar n, digit 2-3 anterior interosseous branch of median n. attaches to distal phalange so flexes finger there

What occurs if you damage the accessory spinal nerve?

trapezius is paralyzed | patient is weak to shrug/elevate shoulders against resistance

What nerve is injured if the patient is unable to shrug shoulders against resistance?

accessory spinal n nerve (trapezius)

What occurs if you damage the thoracodorsal n.?

latissimus dorsi paralyzed unable to pull body up (like climbing or pullup) cannot use crutches because it displaces shoulder too far superiorly

What nerve is injured if a patient is unable to pull up their bodyweight and their shoulders get displaced superiorly if using crutches? What is the most common cause of an injury to this nerve?

thoracodorsal n. | vulnerable to surgery due to its location

What occurs if you damage the long thoracic nerve?

serratus anterior paralized | causes scapula to move laterally and posteriorly and has a "wing like" appearance

Your patient was in a knife/gun fight has a wing like scapula, he is also unable to abduct past horizontal, what nerve is injured?

long thoracic nerve (serratus anterior paralized)

What occurs if the suprascapular n is injured?

drop sign, patient cant do controlled adduction due to lack of innervation of supraspinatus and infraspinatus probably cant laterally rotate either, maybe have instability

A patient has drop sign and cant control their adduction, what nerve is injured?

suprascapular n. (supraspinatus and infraspinatus)

What occurs if the axillary n is damaged? What is a common cause of this?

deltoid atrophy, weak deltoid movements | caused by dislocations/fractures

A patient has an atrophied flat looking deltoid, what nerve is injured?

axillary (deltoid fucked)

What occurs if the dorsal scapular n is injured?

rhomboids are useless | scapula on affected side moves further from midline (because rhomboids cant keep it in place

A patient comes in with one scapula further from midline, what nerve is injured?

dorsal scapular n. (rhomboids weak)

pectoralis major

medial and lateral pectoral n | adduct and medially rotate humerus

pectoralis minor

medial pectoral n. | depress/downward rotate scapula

brachioradialis

radial n. | weak arm flexion, best when pronated

extensor carpi radialis longus

radial n. | extend wrist, abduct wrist

extensor carpi radialis brevis

deep radial n. | extend wrist, abduct wrist

extensor digitorum longus

deep radial n. | extends MJP and IPJ

extensor carpi ulnaris

deep radial n. extend wrist adduct wrist

extensor digiti minimi

deep radial n | makes you fancy (extend pink at MJP and IPJ

supinator

deep radial n | supinate forearm

abductor pollicis longus

posterior interosseous n. | abduct thumb, extends at CM joint

extensor pollicis longus

posterior interosseous nradial n | extend distal phalanx of thumb and IPJ and MPJ joints

extensor pollicis brevis

posterior interosseousnradial n. | extend proximal phalanx of thumb at MPJ, extends CM joint

extensor indicis

posterior interosseous radial n | extend point finger, assists in wrist extension

What nerve is damaged if you fracture the surgical neck of the humerus?

axillary n. | causes deltoid and quadrangular space atrophy

What nerve is damaged if you fracture the spiral groove of the humerus?

radial, causes wrist drop

abductor pollicis brevis

recurrent branch of median n. | abduct thumb

opponens pollicis

recurrent branch of median n. | opposition of thumb

flexor pollicis brevis (2 heads)

recurrent branch of median n (superficial head) deep ulnar n. (deep head) flex thumb

adductor pollicis (2 heads)

transverse and oblique heads deep ulnar n. adduction of thumb

flexor digiti minimi brevis

ulnar n. | flex pinky

opponens digiti minimi

ulnar n | opposition

lumbricals

deep ulnar n. flexion of MCP when flexed extension when extended

palmar interossei (3)

deep ulnar n. | PAD

dorsal interossei (4)

deep ulnar n. | DAB