Shoulder and elbow joint Flashcards
What are some joints found in the appendicular skeleton?
sternoclavicular acromioclavicular glenohumeral proximal radioulnar elbow distal radioulnar
What are the components of the glenohumeral joint?
rotator cuff
glenoid labrum and cavity
glenohumeral ligament
long head of biceps tendon
What are components of the acromioclavicular joint?
superior/inferior acromioclavicular ligaments
coracoacromial arch
coracoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid and conoid)
What makes up the coracoacromial arch?
coracoid process
acromion
coracoacromial ligament
what are the components of the sternoclavicular joint?
anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligaments
what movements are permitted at the sternoclavicular joint
protraction, retraction, elevation depression, rotation
What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
medial side-ulnar collateral ligament
lateral side-radial collateral ligament
proximal radioulnar-annular ligament
What movements are permitted at the elbow joint?
flexion/extension, pronation/supination
What causes sternoclavicular joint dislocation?
usually due to fracture of epiphyseal plate in people under 25
more likely to fracture clavical because its a strong joint
What is a sprengel deformity?
malposition of the scapula (super elevated)
causes regional hypopalsia and atrophy
limited shoulder movement
What is a winged scapula? cause?
brachial plexus injury causing weakness in the serratus anterior, gives scapula a protruding wing like appearance
What occurs in each grade of a acromioclavicular dislocation?
grade 1-AC ligament sprain
grade 2-AC ligament tear
grade 3-AC and coracoclavicular ligament tear
What direction does the head of the humerus move during a glenohumeral dislocation?
inferior/anterior
glenoid labrum may year
What movements cause a glenohumeral dislocation?
hyperextension and external rotation
What causes a hill sachs deformity?
recurrent dislocations chipping away at the humeral head when it rests against the anterior inferior part of the glenoid. it is a posteriolateral fracture
What causes adhesive capulitis? (frozen shoulder)
fibrosis of the capsule due to chronic inflammation from dislocations, supraspinatous tendonitis, biceptial tendonitis, rotator cuff tear
What is a SLAP injury? what causes it
glenoid labrum tear (superior labrum anteriorposterior)
sudden forceful contraction of biceps (it connects to the labrum) or subluxion
What causes subluxion of the radial head at the elbow?
uplifting jerking motion (common in preschoolers)
distal portion of annular ligament becomes torn and radial head pops out
What is elbow effusion (sail sign)? what causes?
radial head fracture that leads to synovial effusion and pushes fat pad up. get a sail sign on x ray
What causes an ulnar collateral ligament injury? how is this repaired
pitching in baseball
tommy john surgery-graft from palmaris longus tendon
What is a colles fracture? cause? how does it look on x ray?
a complete transverse fracture of the distal radius when breaking a fall with an outstretched extended hand. fragment is forced dorsally giving a “silver fork” appearance on x ray
