Shoulder and elbow joint

Question 1

What are some joints found in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
proximal radioulnar
elbow
distal radioulnar

Question 2

What are the components of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 2

rotator cuff
glenoid labrum and cavity
glenohumeral ligament
long head of biceps tendon

Question 3

What are components of the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 3

superior/inferior acromioclavicular ligaments
coracoacromial arch
coracoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid and conoid)

Question 4

What makes up the coracoacromial arch?

Answer 4

coracoid process
acromion
coracoacromial ligament

Question 5

what are the components of the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 5

anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

interclavicular ligaments

Question 6

what movements are permitted at the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 6

protraction, retraction, elevation depression, rotation

Question 7

What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

Answer 7

medial side-ulnar collateral ligament
lateral side-radial collateral ligament
proximal radioulnar-annular ligament

Question 8

What movements are permitted at the elbow joint?

Answer 8

flexion/extension, pronation/supination

Question 9

What causes sternoclavicular joint dislocation?

Answer 9

usually due to fracture of epiphyseal plate in people under 25
more likely to fracture clavical because its a strong joint

Question 10

What is a sprengel deformity?

Answer 10

malposition of the scapula (super elevated)
causes regional hypopalsia and atrophy
limited shoulder movement

Question 11

What is a winged scapula? cause?

Answer 11

brachial plexus injury causing weakness in the serratus anterior, gives scapula a protruding wing like appearance

Question 12

What occurs in each grade of a acromioclavicular dislocation?

Answer 12

grade 1-AC ligament sprain
grade 2-AC ligament tear
grade 3-AC and coracoclavicular ligament tear

Question 13

What direction does the head of the humerus move during a glenohumeral dislocation?

Answer 13

inferior/anterior

glenoid labrum may year

Question 14

What movements cause a glenohumeral dislocation?

Answer 14

hyperextension and external rotation

Question 15

What causes a hill sachs deformity?

Answer 15

recurrent dislocations chipping away at the humeral head when it rests against the anterior inferior part of the glenoid. it is a posteriolateral fracture

Question 16

What causes adhesive capulitis? (frozen shoulder)

Answer 16

fibrosis of the capsule due to chronic inflammation from dislocations, supraspinatous tendonitis, biceptial tendonitis, rotator cuff tear

Question 17

What is a SLAP injury? what causes it

Answer 17

glenoid labrum tear (superior labrum anteriorposterior)

sudden forceful contraction of biceps (it connects to the labrum) or subluxion

Question 18

What causes subluxion of the radial head at the elbow?

Answer 18

uplifting jerking motion (common in preschoolers)

distal portion of annular ligament becomes torn and radial head pops out

Question 19

What is elbow effusion (sail sign)? what causes?

Answer 19

radial head fracture that leads to synovial effusion and pushes fat pad up. get a sail sign on x ray

Question 20

What causes an ulnar collateral ligament injury? how is this repaired

Answer 20

pitching in baseball

tommy john surgery-graft from palmaris longus tendon

Question 21

What is a colles fracture? cause? how does it look on x ray?

Answer 21

a complete transverse fracture of the distal radius when breaking a fall with an outstretched extended hand. fragment is forced dorsally giving a “silver fork” appearance on x ray