Skeletal Muscle Flashcards
Cells in organ increased in tissue
Hypertrophy
Cells in organ increased in number
hyperplasia
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia could be
physiological or pathological
Cells with anormal shape and function
dysplasia
Balance of protein synthesis and proteolysis produce the
fibre size
Is the product of number myonuclei and proteins synthesis per myonucleus
protein synthesis
Fewer cells than what is deemed a normal amount
hypoplasia
Similar to hyperplasia but denotes abnormal multiplication due to loss of normal proliferation regulation and absence of stimuli
neoplasia
A change in the cell type
metaplasia
Metaplasia is a ____ change
reversible
A reversal in differentiation or loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells
anaplasia
Anaplasia is an ____ change
irreversible
Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by
T cells
Genetic factors of Rheumatoid Arthritis are
HLA-DR1
HLA-DR4
ACPA
Anti citrullinated protein antibody
Is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline
citrullination
Amino acid arginine is found in
Type II collagen and Vimentin
Inflammatory disease where monosodium rate crystals deposit join in joints
gout
Main cause of gout
hyperuricemia
Too much uric acid in the blood is called
hyperuricemia
Explain the pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Expose to risk factor
- Citrullination
- Cell activation
- Migration
- Inflammation
- Cartilage and bone destruction
Mention the 4 stages of gout
- High uric acid levels
- Acute gout
- Intercritical gout
- Chronic gout
Stage of the gout where uric acid is building up in the blood and starting to form crystals around joints
high uric acid levels
Stage of gout where symptoms start to occur, causing a painful gout attack
acute gout
Stage of gout whit periods of remission between gout attacks
intercritical gout
Stage of gout where the pain is frequent and tophi form in joints
chronic gout
MSU
Monosodium Urate
In gout MSU crystal deposition is detected by
macrophages
monocytes
neutrophils
Explain the pathophysiology of gout
Normouricemia Hyperuricemia MSU crystal deposition Recurrent gout flares Chronic gouty arthritis
Stages of gout where the disease is asymptomatic
Hyperuricemia
MSU crystal deposition
Most common cause of dwarfism
Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia is due to a mutation in
FGFR3
Autosomal dominant disorder due to delayer cartilage growth
achondroplasia
Is a condition in which damaged skeletal striated muscle breaks down rapidly.
rhabdomyolisis
The protein _____, are harmful to the kidneys and may lead to kidney failure
myoglobin
