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Fisiopatología > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of immune system

A

Protect the body from external organisms

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2
Q

Components of immune system

A

Monocytes
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Granulocytic cells

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3
Q

Mention the primary lymphoid organs

A

Thymus and bone marrow

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4
Q

Mention the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Gut associated lymphoid tissue

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5
Q

Thymus derive from the

A

3º and 4º faringeal aproach

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6
Q

In lymph nodes T lymphocytes are create in

A

medular and paracortical area

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7
Q

Function of the spleen

A

Filter and process antigens from the blood

Remove damaged cells

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8
Q

Antibodies are also known as

A

immunoglobulin (Ig)

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9
Q

Mention all the Ig

A 
IgG
IgE
IgD
IgM
IgA
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10
Q

The main function of the antibodies is

A

bind with high affinity to an invasive organism

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11
Q

Specific part of the virus that will be recognized by antibodies

A

epitope

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12
Q

Types of immunity

A

Innate and adaptative

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13
Q

Immunity that doesn’t need a previous presentation to the antigen

A

innate immunity

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14
Q

Types of response of adaptive immunity

A

humoral and cellular

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15
Q

Humoral response is mediated by

A

B cells

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16
Q

Cellular response is mediated by

A

T cells (T naive cells)

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17
Q

We need ___ to our IS recognize the pathogens and attack against them and our body doesn’t attack by itself

A

MHC

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18
Q

MHC I activate

A

CD8

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19
Q

MHC II activate

A

CD4

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20
Q

Effector T cells have 2 different pathways

A

Be eliminated

Convert in memory T cells

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21
Q

Before to create an effector T cells, the T cells were

A

naive

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22
Q

Type I of hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

IgE

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23
Q

Type of hypersensitivity that is the classical example of the allergies

A

Type I

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24
Q

Some examples of type I hypersensitivity

A

asthma

rhinitis

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25
Q

In type I hypersensitivity when the IgE recognize the allergen the _____ of the allergen begin

A

degranulation

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26
Q

Type II of hypersensitivity is related with

A

IgG

IgM

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27
Q

Type of hypersensitivity that activate the complement cascade and result in the destruction of the antigen

A

Type II

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28
Q

An example of type II hypersensitivity

A

Graves Disease

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29
Q

Autoimmune disease caused by circulating autoantibodies where the thyroid stimulating Ig bind to an activate thyrotropin receptor

A

Graves Disease

30
Q

GD cause an increased of

A

thyroid hormone

31
Q

An example of type III hypersensitivity

A

lupus

32
Q

An example of type IV hypersensitivity

A

multiple sclerosis, DM, RA

33
Q

Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity

A

Type III

34
Q

Delayed type hypersensitivity

A

Type IV

35
Q

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity

A

Type II

36
Q

Main difference between type II and III hypersensitivity

A

Type II: affect an specific organ

Type III: affect the whole body (is systemic)

37
Q

The reactions of type IV hypersensitivity are mediated by Ab and

A

antigen specific T lymphocytes

38
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis are ____ hypersensitivity

A

type IV

39
Q

Type I hypersensitivity is also called

A

immediate hypersensitivity

40
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis

A
  1. Dendritic cells present the allergen to T naive cells
  2. T cells produce cytokines and Th2 cells
  3. T cells switch of B cells and produce IgE
  4. IgE start the degranulation of mast cells
41
Q

In allergic rhinitis when IgE starts the degranulation of mast cells appears due to an

A

release of histamine

42
Q

Types of mechanism in type II hypersensitivity

A

Cytotoxic response

Non-cytotoxic response

43
Q

Mention the 4 types of cytotoxic response in type II hypersensitivity

A
  1. Cs (C1 binds to ab)
  2. Cs (membrane attack complex)
  3. Cs (opsonization + phagocytosis)
  4. Cs (ab dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)
44
Q

Mention the type of non-cytotoxic response in type II hypersensitivity

A

Ab mediated cellular dysfunction

45
Q

Example of cytotoxic response where C1 binds to an ab

A

Goodpasture Sx

46
Q

Example of cytotoxic response membrane attack complex

A

Hemolytic anemia

47
Q

Example of non-cytotoxic response where

A

Graves Disease

Myasthenia

48
Q

Is the excess of thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism

49
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of GD

A
  1. B cells produce ab against thyroid proteins
  2. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin imitates TSH
  3. Hyperthyroidism
  4. Hyperplasia of thyroid
50
Q

Autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and causes redness of skin

A

LUPUS

51
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of lupus

A
  1. Event lead to apoptosis
  2. B cells recognize and create antinuclear antibody
  3. Antigent Antibody Complex deposit into the body
  4. Local inflammation star
  5. Damage of the whole body
52
Q

The major problem un transplantation immunology is the

A

immunology reaction against the transplant

53
Q

Mention the 3 types of transplant rejection

A
  1. hyperacute
  2. acute
  3. chronic
54
Q

How do we can avoid the hyperacute and acute rejection?

A

Cheking the MHC between donador and receptor

55
Q

Hyperacute rejection is mediated by hypersensitive type

A

II

56
Q

Acute rejection is mediated by hypersensitive type

A

IV

57
Q

Chronic rejection is mediated by hypersensitive type

A

III and IV

58
Q

How do we can avoid the acute rejection?

A

using immunosupresive treatment

59
Q

Hyperacute rejection last from

A

minutes to hrs

60
Q

Acute rejection last from

A

60-90 days

61
Q

Chronic rejection last

A

over 90 days

62
Q

Type of rejection where there are the complement activation, endothelial damage, inflammation and thrombosis

A

Hyperacute rejection

63
Q

Type of rejection where there are parenchymal cell damage, interstitial and inflammation

A

Acute rejection

64
Q

Type of rejection where there are a chronic DTH reaction in vessel wall, intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation and vessel occlusion

A

Chronic rejection

65
Q

Types of vaccines for covid-19

A

Virus
Nucleic acid
Viral vector
Protein based

66
Q

Type of vaccine for covid-19 where there is an alteration in genetic code and viral proteins

A

Virus weakened

67
Q

Type of vaccine for covid-19 where the virus is dead an is not infectious

A

Virus inactivated

68
Q

Type of vaccine for covid-19 where another virus is genetically modificaste to produce coronavirus proteins

A

Viral vector

69
Q

Type of vaccine for covid-19 where there is a production to involve genetic material, not the virus. Also this encode the spike protein of the virus

A

Nucleic acid

70
Q

Type of vaccine for covid-19 where we inject coronavirus proteins directly into the body

A

protein based

Fisiopatología (12 decks)

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