Cardiovascular diseases Flashcards
Persistently of high blood pressure
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Type of heart pressure when the heart is relax
dyastolic pressure
Type of heart pressure when the heart is contracted
systolic pressure
Some of the complications of cardiovascular diseases are
Coronary heart disease Heart failure Stroke Myocardial Infarction Atrial fibrillation Peripheral Artery Disease CKD
More of 90% of the cases are ______ hypertension
primary
Primary hypertension is related with ____ Na or ___ K producing an increased in the extracelular volumen.
higher
low
The most common cause of primary hypertension is
environmental factors
The most common cause of secondary hypertension is
renal disease
Types of hypertension
primary
secondary
Mention the 2 main mechanisms to regulate the blood pressure
local
systemic
Mention the 2 types of systemic mechanisms to regulate the blood pressure
Nervous System
Kidney Regulation
The local regulation of blood pressure could be
immediate
acute
chronic
Endothelin and Nitric Oxide are part of the _____ regulation
local
Decreased of the blood flow
vasoconstriction
Endothelin helps to the vasoconstriction, while nitric oxide helps to ____ in the blood flow
increase
Simpatetic inervation has a ____ effect
vasconstriction
Simpatetic inervation arises in
toraco lumbar area
Parasympatic inervation arises in
craneal sacra area
Parasympatic inervation is activated by
acetil coline
Parasympatic inervation has a _____ effect
vasodilation
Chemoreceptors are inside the
carotid body
Chemoreceptors will be stimulated by
hypoxia acidosis exercise heat insulin
Chemoreceptors will be inhibited by
hyperoxia
alkalosis
cold
Chemoreceptors will send signals to the brain stem inducing
high rate and blood pressure
Triada of Cushing
hyperthension
bradicardia
diminished respiratory effort
Is a mechanism to compensate the increased on intracranial pressure
Cushing’s reflex
Renin release from
kidney
Renin acts on angiotensinogen to form
angiotensin I
Angiotensin-converting enzyme release from
lungs
____ acts in angiotensin I to form angiotensin II
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal gland to stimulate release of
aldosterone
Mention the neuropeptides, peptides and immune cells in hyperthension
Neuropeptide Y
Substance P
Angiotension II
Angiotensin-1 and 7
