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FEO Promotional Exam 2022 > Situational Awareness COPY > Flashcards

Situational Awareness COPY Flashcards

1
Q

The success of the incident depends upon, in part, on

A

Responders being able to make good decisions under stress

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2
Q

The first step in understanding how to improve your emergency incident decision making skills

A

Understand how quality decisions are made

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3
Q

The right question to ask when trying to learn about how things go wrong is

A

Why did it makes sense to them

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4
Q

What were the responders ________ when things went wrong

A

Trying to accomplish

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5
Q

What was the ______ of the incident and what _____ were the responders playing when things went wrong

A

Overall mission, role

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6
Q

What task or objective were first responders focused on that prevented them from seeing the

A

Bad outcome on the horizon

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7
Q

Honor the fallen by

A

Asking the hard questions

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8
Q

The traditional decision making process also called

A

Analytical decision making process

Rational decision making process

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9
Q

Step 1 of the Traditional Decision making process

A

Define the problem

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10
Q

Step 2 of the Traditional Decision making process

A

Identify the decision making criteria

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11
Q

Step 3 of the Traditional Decision making process

A

Allocate weights to the criteria

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12
Q

Step 4 of the Traditional Decision making process

A

Develop alternatives for solving the problem

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13
Q

Step 5 of the Traditional Decision making process

A

Evaluate each alternative based on weighted criteria

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14
Q

Step 6 of the Traditional Decision making process

A

Select the best alternative (making the decision, i.e. the easiest step)

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15
Q

Step 7 of the Traditional Decision making process

A

Evaluate the effectiveness of the action that was taken

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16
Q

Of all the steps (in the Traditional Decision making process) which one should the easiest

A

Step 6, making the decision

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17
Q

Process of Recognition Primed Decision Making was first discovered by

A

Gary Klein

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18
Q

For commanders to successfully use RPDM they must have a level of ____ to draw upon

A

Expertise

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19
Q

Another advantage of having an expert over a novice is their ability to process and comprehend _____ clues and cues

A

Negative

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20
Q

Stress triggers a reaction in the

A

Hypothalamus

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21
Q

The only hope you have in reducing the impact of stress is to

A

Reduce the number of chemicals (released into your body)

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22
Q

Reducing your stress can be accomplished using _____ like controlled _____

A

Stress calming techniques, breathing

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23
Q

Making _____ is one of the hallmark qualities of a good public safety responders

A

Rapid decisions under stress

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24
Q

Intuition, triggered by stress, can lead to the often-referenced ______, a primal decision process

A

Gut feelings

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25
Q

Working memory is horribly vulnerable to ____ if the data is not quickly passed along to long term memory

A

Degradation

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26
Q

When your brain is searching the images for a solution, the imagines your brain identifies it likely will not be

A

An exact match

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27
Q

_____ allows you to form subconscious pattern matches without awareness

A

Tacit knowledge

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28
Q

Your brain is efficient at taking pieces of a puzzle and putting them together correctly, this is called

A

Chunking

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29
Q

If a commander is unable or unwilling to make a decision because of _______, there’s a risk the responders may grow impatient and engage in _____.

A

Incomplete information, freelancing

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30
Q

RPD requirement #1

A

Situational awareness

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31
Q

RPD requirement #2

A

Tacit knowledge

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32
Q

RPD requirement #3

A

Mental modeling (display future results, making predictions)

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33
Q

RPD requirement #4

A

Self confidence

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34
Q

Another, less than obvious impact on one’s ability to pay attention is

A

Multitasking

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35
Q

_____ described situational awareness as being aware of what is happening around you and understanding what that information means to you now and in the future

A

Endsley

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36
Q

Level 1 Situational Awareness

A

Occurs when the decision maker captures the CLUES and CUES

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37
Q

The 2nd phase in Endsley’s 3 levels

A

Level 2 situational awareness: Comprehension phase

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38
Q

Level 3 situational awareness (Endsley)

A

Projection: make assumptions and predictions about future events

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39
Q

All three levels of situational awareness are

A

Interdependent

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40
Q

It takes, on average, _____ years of regular and routine acquisition of knowledge and skill practice to develop _____ level knowledge and performance if a student is in an environment of learning and/or practice ____ hours a day______ days a week

A

10, Expert, 2, 5

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41
Q

First level of the competency progression is

A

Unconscious incompetence

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42
Q

Four levels of competency progression

A

Unconscious incompetence
Conscious incompetence
Conscious competence
Unconscious competence

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43
Q

Number of barriers and categories

A

116 barriers
12 categories

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44
Q

The 12 situational awareness barrier categories

A

Staffing
Communication
Data and info management
Workload management
Mental models
Physical and mental stress
Commander location
Shared sense making
Goals and mission
Command support
Human factors
Attention management

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45
Q

Any responder not feeling some stress at a scene is either operating at a very ____ incident, or they are ___________ all that can go wrong

A

Minor
Not grounded in the reality of

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46
Q

When under stress, your brain may revert to using ____ decision making processes

A

Intuitive

47
Q

Stress from taking _____ narrows attention and affects situational awareness

A

Excessive risk

48
Q

There is a third option (with understaffing)

A

Don’t engage an inexperienced crews in a high risk operation

49
Q

The likelihood of incident scene casualties is vastly reduced when a decision is made not to engage in high risk operations because of the ____ or _____ of the crew

A

Quality. Quantity

50
Q

_____ as a barrier to situational awareness, may be a finding unique to public safety responders

A

Staffing

51
Q

_____ is an issue universal to every domain where high risk, high consequence, high stress decisions are made

A

Communication

52
Q

The human brain cannot ____ thr act of listening

A

Multi-task

53
Q

In the aftermath of catastrophic events, Emergency scene commanders often confide that they were affected by an excessive ____ or poor management of their ___

A

Workload, workload

54
Q

Pilot example

A

Stay hands off and in command

55
Q

Major themes of workload management

A

Biologically impossible to multi task
Hands off, in command

56
Q

Human factors barriers Loss of Focus example

A

Woman in church: seeing what she was looking for

57
Q

Percentages to gather:

A

Good rule of thumb: 30-70%
Colin Powell: 40-70%

58
Q

False sense that this incident is like all others where circumstances have been similar

A

Bias of confidence

59
Q

A confident commander can be good. Under-confident can be _____, Over confident can be ____

A

Dangerous, deadly

60
Q

The more routine or mundane an emergency call may appear, the greater the potential for responders to become

A

Complacent

61
Q

Command support is a barrier that has direct connection to

A

Staffing levels

62
Q

There are some tools responders can use to help manage memory and workload, namely

A

Checklists and worksheets

63
Q

Memory of everything you have done

A

Retrospective memory

64
Q

Memory of everything you have yet to do

A

Prospective memory

65
Q

Worksheets help ___ memory

A

Retrospective

66
Q

Checklists help you manage _____ memory

A

Prospective

67
Q

Of the two types of memory, ____ is more fragile under stress

A

Prospective

68
Q

Ego can result in ____ incident leadership

A

Kamikaze

69
Q

If responders are given the latitude to inject their ___ or ____ into how routine work tasks should be accomplished, supervisors may expect to see independent action by responders (freelancing)

A

Opinions, personal preferences

70
Q

Occurs when an organization makes operational or safety mistakes, often small and seemingly harmless, repetitively over a period of time without consequence

A

Error creep

71
Q

Your minds point of reference of what is happening now and what’s going to happen in the future

A

Mental models

72
Q

Situational awareness requires three things of the decision maker

A

Conscious
Present
Scanning

73
Q

Laws of work interruption the first

A

Make more mistakes

74
Q

Second law of work interruption

A

Miss more clues and cues

75
Q

Third law of work interruption

A

Longer to complete the task

76
Q

Fourth law of work interruption

A

Lose track of work performed prior to the interruption

77
Q

There are 2 strategies that can help you manage the impact of being overwhelmed with information

A

Writing notes
Using checklists

78
Q

This conscious awareness of your situational awareness has a name:

A

META-AWARENESSSSSSS!!!!

79
Q

Lessons for the First Responders: 1
Responders with poor situational awareness can

A

still have good outcome, if only by luck

80
Q

Second lesson for 1st responder
Decisions made with good situational awareness can

A

still have a bad outcome

81
Q

Lesson 3 of the lessons for first responders
Maintaining situational awareness requires ___, ___, and ___ commitment to paying attention.

A

PHYSICAL, MENTAL, and EMOTIONAL

82
Q

Lessons for first responders: 4
What you should pay attention to is

A

not always intuitive or obvious

83
Q

Lessons for first responders the 5th one
Responders rarely realize they’re losing their ___ until it’s too late

A

situational awareness

84
Q

6: lessons for first responders
It’s critically important to be able to form mental models of both

A

The past and the future

85
Q

Red Flag #1 Failing to process the meaning of

A

clues and cues

86
Q

Each type of emergency has its own list of __ to ___ of the most important critical clues. For a structure fire, one of the most important clues is the ___.

A

5-7, smoke

87
Q

Red Flag #2 Underestimating the ___ of the incident

A

Speed

88
Q

Red Flag #3 overestimating the ____ of the personnel

A

Abilties

89
Q

Red Flag #4 feeling pressure to take ____ without considering the risk and benefit

A

Heroic action

90
Q

Red Flag #5 Focusing on ____ or trying to process too much information

A

The wrong things

91
Q

Best Practise #1, ____ your incoming information

A

Prioritize

92
Q

Subjects under stress can remember __ pieces of unrelated information

A

5

93
Q

____, not fire, is the prediction of the future

A

Smoke

94
Q

4 attributes of ___ that serve as the primer for Level 3 situational awareness

A

Smoke-Color, volume, velocity, density

95
Q

Critical data for residential dwelling fire decision making

A
  1. Smoke & fire
  2. Construction & decomposition
  3. Speed
  4. Realistic assessment of savable lives
96
Q

Brannigan’s quote on building behavior following the laws of ____

A

Physics
“Every building has a common enemy and that enemy is GRAVITY”

97
Q

First window of opportunity is for the ___.
Second window of opportunity is for the ___.
Third window of opportunity is for the ___.

A

Civilian
Responder
Building

98
Q

Skin melts at

A

160°

99
Q

Best practise #2. Set the strategy and tactics band on the ___ and ____ of your resources

A

Quality, quantity

100
Q

Best Practise #3, never miss radio communications from your ____

A

Most at risk personnel

101
Q

Missed radio traffic from at risk personnel qualifies as a

A

Near miss event

102
Q

Best practise #4, be strategic when choosing ___ for command

A

Location

103
Q

___ is the essence or the high level, broad concept of something

A

Gist

104
Q

Best practise #5 Call a ___

A

Personal time out

105
Q

Best Practise #6, use a

A

Command team

106
Q

Subconscious cognitive tasks

A

“What am I supposed to be doing?”

107
Q

Muscle memory tasks

A

“How am I supposed to do this?”

108
Q

Copilots: PF, PNF

A

Pilot flying the plane
Pilot not flying the plane

109
Q

Best Practise #7, control your ___ and ____

A

Distractions. Interruptions

110
Q

Best Practise #8, Develop and maintain a strong

A

command presence

111
Q

Having a strong command presence means having the ability to hold your ____ in check

A

Emotions

112
Q

Best practise #9, Develop and train to _____ but build resiliency into training programs

A

Scripted procedures

113
Q

Best Practise #10, accelerate your command knowledge and

A

Expertise

114
Q

Research has further shown that as mamy as ____ of program attendees may forget as much as ___ of whay they learned within the first three hours following an instructional program

A

90%, 60%

FEO Promotional Exam 2022 (17 decks)

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