IFSTA Ladders Flashcards
Common length for a single ladder.
12-20ft
common length for roof ladders.
14-16ft
Common length for folding ladders.
10ft
common length for combination ladders. (A-frame)
10ft
_____: the preferred pitch for portable, non-self supporting ground ladders.
angle of inclination.
What is the preferred pitch of a ground ladder? (angle of inclination)
75.5 degrees
Maximum ladder loading of a folding or pompier ladder?
300 lbs
Maximum ladder loading of a single, roof, extension, pole, or combination ladder?
750 lbs
Ladders will be tested under NFPA _____.
1932
Ladders must meet the requirements of NFPA ____ to be used in the fire service.
1931
What type of tree are wooden ground ladders made out of?
coastal Douglas fir.
To meet the requirements of NFPA 1931, rungs for both solid and truss beam ladders must be a minimum of ___ inches in diameter at the center.
1 1/4”
NFPA 1931 calls for rungs to be spaced between ____ and ____ inches on center plus or minus 1/8” on wood ladders.
12 and 14
______ ladders are not prone to sudden failure when subjected to heat or flames.
wood
____ is a good heat insulator; it does not transmit temperature extremes.
wood
When dry and clean, ___ ladders are non conductors of electricity.
wood
Until ____, nearly all fire service ladders were made out of wood.
WWII
____ is the metal of choice used for the construction of ground ladders.
aluminum.
NFPA 1931 requires that all structural components of metal ladders be manufactured of materials that maintain at least ___ percent of their designated design strength at a minimum of 300 degrees F.
75
NFPA 1931 dictates that rungs on metal ladders must be spaced on centers plus or minus 1 1/8”
14”
____ ladders are subject to sudden failure when exposed to heat or flame temperatures of 300 degrees F or more, even for short periods.
metal
____ ladders can be exposed to low heat levels without losing its original load carrying capacity.
fiberglass
____ tends to chip and crack with severe impact.
fiberglass.
NFPA 1931 restricts the length of new pompier ladders to ___.
16ft
NFPA 1931 specifies that the halyard rope be a minimum of 3/8” in diameter with a minimum breaking strength of ___.
825lbs
Fiberglass ladders employ ___ construction similar to metal ladders.
c-channel
All extension ladders must have ____ to keep fly sections form extending off the top of the ladder.
stops
Wood ladders have ____ to help hold them together.
steel tie rods.
A ___ is a steel rod that is installed just above the bat spurs that provides a place for the firefighter to play the toe of the boot during heeling operations.
toe rod
____ are usually installed below every fourth rung on wood ladders.
tie rods
heat sensor labels will turn a different color at ___ and should be affixed to the inside of each beam of each ladder section, one immediately below the second rung from the tip of each section and another immediately below the center rung of that section.
300 degrees F
_____ are used both to raise and support ground ladders that are 40ft or taller.
staypoles.
NFPA 1932 require ladders to be inspected after each use and on a ____ basis.
monthly
Ladders should not be painted, except for the top and bottom ____ inches off the beams for the purposes of identification or visibility.
12 inches
A ___ and running water are the most effective tools for cleaning ladders.
brush
After a ladder has been repaired, it must be ___ before it is placed back in service.
tested (per NFPA 1932)
NFPA 1931 requires ladder manufacturers to conduct ____ tests as a part of the initial evaluation of a specific product design.
design verification.
Ground ladders must be tested at least ___ per NFPA 1932
annually.
The preload test weight for a ground ladder is ___ lbs.
350
The test load for a ground ladder is ____ lbs.
500
The roof ladder hook test requires a test weight of ____ for at least one minute.
1000 lbs.
Preload test weight for folding ladders.
160 lbs.
Test load weight for testing folding ladders.
225 lbs
Per NFPA 1901, the minimum lengths and types of ladders carried on all pumper or engine companies is:
one 10ft folding ladder.
one 14ft roof ladder.
one 24ft extension ladder.
Per NFPA 1904, as a minimum, the lengths and ground ladders on an aerial apparatus are:
one 10 ft folding ladder two 16ft roof ladders one 14ft combination ladder one 24ft extension ladder one 35ft extension ladder
Roughly speaking, a residential story will average __ to ___ feet.
8 to 10
Roughly speaking, the distance from the floor to the windowsill on a residential structure is about __ ft.
3ft.
A commercial story will average ___ ft from floor to floor.
12 ft
In a commercial structure, the distance from floor to windowsill is about ___.
4ft
Vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of less than 15000 lbs must care one ___ ladder of any type.
12ft
Vehicles with a GVW between 15000 and 20000 must cary one ___ ladder of any type.
14ft
Vehicles with a GVW in excess of 20,000 lbs must carry one ___ ladder of any type.
16ft
The ladder should extend preferably ____ rungs beyond the roof edge to provide both a footing and handhold for persons stepping on or off the ladder.
5
When a ladder is used for access from the side of a window or for ventilation, the tip of the ladder should be placed ___ or ___ rungs above the windowsill.
3-4 rungs
When rescue from a window opening is to be performed, the tip of the ladder should be placed just below the ___.
windowsill.
The maximum extended length of extension and pole ladders may be as much as ___ inches less than the designated length.
6 inches
For ladder lengths of 35ft or less, reach is approximately ___ less than the designated length.
1 foot
For ladder lengths over 35ft, reach is approximately ___ less than the designated length.
2 feet.
When two or more firefighters are lifting a ladder, the lifting should be done on the command of a firefighter at the ___ who can see the whole operation.
rear
What is the preferred number of firefighters for the high shoulder carry throw of a ladder?
1
___ firefighter carries are most commonly used for 24, 28, and 35ft ladders.
2
The three methods most commonly used when _____ carry a ladder are the low shoulder method, the hip or underarm method, and the arms length on edge method.
2 firefighters.
___ firefighter carries are typically used on extension ladders up to 35ft.
3
___ firefighters are normally required for a 40ft or longer pole ladder.
5
The firefighter nearest the ___ is the logical person to decide where the butt of the ladder is to be placed.
butt
When there are two firefighters on the butt of the ladder during a ladder carry, the firefighter on the ____ side is usually the one responsible for placement.
right
If the window opening is wide enough t permit the ladder tip to project into it and still allow room beside it to facilitate entry and rescue, the ladder should be placed so that __ or __ rungs extend above the sill.
2 or 3
Roofs should be laddered from at least ___ points on opposite corners of the building.
2
An easy way to determine the proper distance between the heel of the ladder and the building is to divide the used length of the ladder by __.
4
IFSTA recommends that all ground and aerial ladders maintain a safe distance of at least ___ ft from all energized electrical lines or equipment.
10ft
In general, all modern metal and fiberglass ladders are designed to be used with the _____.
fly out.
Wood ladders that are designed with the rungs mounted in the top truss rail are intended to be deployed with the ____.
fly in.
When raising a ladder, the ___ (raise) position should always be the first preference.
perpendicular.
Typically, ladders of 35 ft or larger should be raised by at least ___ firefighters.
3
NFPA ____ states that ground ladders shall not be rolled beam over beam to reach a new position.
1932
NFPA 1932 requires, and goo common sense dictates, that ground ladders be ____ whenever firefighters are climbing or working from them.
secured.
Whenever possible, a ladder should be tied securely to a ____.
fixed object.
All rope that is used for the dome (auditorium) rase must meet the requirements for life safety rope contained in NFPA ___.
1983
Either a ____ or a leg lock can be used to safely secure the firefighter to the ladder while work is being performed.
class 1 safety harness.
All life safety harnesses should meet the requirements set forth in NFPA ____.
1983
never use a leg lock on a ____.
aerial ladder
The ____ are the people most severely threatened by current fire conditions.
first priority victims
The ___ priority for rescuing victims with ladders should be for the largest number or groups of people.
2nd
The ____ priority for rescuing victims with ladders should be the remainder of the people in the fire area.
3rd
Evacuation of people from a building by ground ladders is _____.
difficult and slow.
When using a ladder for ___ rescue, the immediate goal is to keep the victim from sinking and drowning.
ice
The _____ goal of using a ladder for a ice rescue is to complete the retrieval of the victim.
second
Using a ladder to clear window openings in order to accomplish horizontal ventilation should only be used in extreme emergencies when ventilation is needed to ____,
begin search and rescue procedures.
when hoisting a ladder, thread the loop off the rope around a rung that is above ___ of the way down the ladder from the tip.
1/3
New standard requires _______ clearance for lines under 350kilovolts and _______ clearance for lines over 350 kilovolts
20’, 50’
