Anatmony & Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
Which plane separates the body into left and right halves
A
Sagittal plane
2
Q
Which plane separates the body into front and back parts
A
Coronal (frontal) plane
3
Q
Which plane divides the body into top and bottom halves
A
Transverse plane
4
Q
Your body is divided into ____ that keep all your organs separated
A
Cavities/spaces
5
Q
Dorsal cavity
A
Cranial & vertebral cavities
6
Q
Ventral cavity
A
Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavities
7
Q
Abdominal quadrants and ______
A
9 subregions
Right & left hypochondriac
Epigastric
Right & left lumbar
Umbilical
Right & left iliac
Hypogastric
8
Q
Chromo
A
Color
9
Q
Xanth
A
Yellow
10
Q
Oligo
A
Just a few
11
Q
Poikilo
A
Irregular/varied
12
Q
Otripsy
A
Crushing/destroying
13
Q
Basic units of life
A
Cells
14
Q
Internal cell structures
A
Organelles
15
Q
Passage through membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
A
Diffusion
16
Q
One ion passes through a channel normally from high to low concentration, this draw another ion through the same channel I the opposite direction
A
Symport & Antiport
17
Q
Diffusion of water
A
Osmosis
18
Q
Using ATP energy from the cell to drive a pump that drags molecules across the membrane against concentration gradiant
A
Active transport
19
Q
Common active transport pump
A
Sodium-potassoum ATPase pump (Na & K)=(sodium & potassium)
20
Q
Major organelle in the body, double membrane, central processing unit
A
Nucleus
21
Q
Membrane structure near the nucleus in the cell, stacked series of membranes, makes proteins & lipids
A
Endoplasmic reticulum
22
Q
The cells post office, molecules enter, lebeled and collected in vesicles, sent out the other side
A
Golgi apparatus/body
23
Q
Energy structure inside each cell, making ATP energy molecules
A
Mitochondria
24
Q
Boundary cells
A
Epithelial (skin/membrane), flat
25
Basic structural tissue
Connective tissue
26
Types of connective tissue
Adipose, cartilage, bone, blood (although it looks nothing like other connective tissues)
27
Moveable tissue that helps move body structures
Muscle tissues
28
Two types of Nervous tissue
Neurons, glial cells
29
Neurons
Pick up chemical signals from other cells
30
Glial cells
Make myelin sheath, protect nerves from damage
31
Inside pressure of the cell
Turgor pressure
32
A relative term that describes the water concentration between two compartments
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
33
___ is your energy source for active transport
ATP
34
The metabolic processes that use ____ as a fork of energy convert it back to ____
ATP ADP
35
It's what keeps a higher concentration of sodium outside the cell and a lower concentration of potassium inside the cell
Sodium-Potassium exchange pump
36
When the (Na/K) pump works the way it's supposed to, each time it's activated it sends ___ molecules Na outside the cell for every ___ molecules of K
3, 2
37
This (Na/K) pump causes the inside of the cell to have a greater ______ charge than the outside
Negative
38
Involves a molecules going in one direction only, through the use if a carrier protein
Uniport
39
Involves two molecules going through the carrier protein in the same direction as one another
Symport
40
Instead of drawing in another molecule along with it....draws another molecule against its concentration gradient in the opposite direction
Antiport
41
Building blocks of the cells
Nucleic acids
42
Two ways a cell might reproduce itself. The simple way is to make a copy of its genome.....this is called
Mitosis
43
_____ is a special type of cell division that decreases the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by one half
Meiosis
44
4 phases of Mitosis (after the initial phase it's in all the time
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
45
Think about the middle of your body and this will most likely be your
Axial skeleton
46
Your pelvis or pelvic girdle, the shoulder or shoulder girdle, and all the bones in your arms and legs are part of the
Appendicular skeleton
47
Main protective bones for your insides
Flat bones (skull, sternum, pelvic
48
The [bones] that help you most with regard to the movement or your arms and legs
Long bones (humerus, femur, digits)
49
Shaped like a cube [bones]
Short bones (ankle, wrist)
50
Bones shaped according to their unique functions
Irregular bones (vertebrae, ilium, ischium, pubis)
51
Small and generally spherical bones...so many of these that they aren't always counted towards the total bones you have)
Sesamoid bones (patella)
52
Cells that build bone
Osteoblasts
53
Cells that break down bone
Osteaclasts
54
Immature cells that haven't declared themselves to be of any particular type
Stem cells
55
In children, a lot of the main ossifocation happens in the ____ of the long bones, which are near the _____
Epiohysis, ends
56
These joints move very little and are really more designed to cement two or more bones together
Fibrous
57
Broad classifications of joints
Fibrous, cartolaginous, synovial
58
The study of anatomy
Study of names
59
Axial region includes everything but what
Arms and legs
60
Hypoglossal
Under the tongue
61
Any ology
The study of
62
Levo-
Sinister-
Left
63
Dextro-
Right
64
The anatomy of your cells, tissues and organs are like the
Car parts under your cars hood
65
Single celled structure
Zygote
66
DNA has how many chromosomes
46
67
Watery stuff inside cell
Cytosol or cytoplasm
68
The Golgi apparatus
The cells post office
69
Mitochondria
Cells power plant
70
Mitochondria are
Like pistons in ur cars engine
71
Lysosomes are like
incinerators
72
4 types of body tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
73
Osmosis
Movement of water
74
Gradient
Difference
75
Cell in hypertonic solution
Water rushes out
76
Cell in isotonic solution
Water comes and goes equally
77
Cell in hypotonic solution
Water rushes into cell causing it to burst
78
Osmotic pressure
Pressure of an enclosed space
79
Sodium potassium pump how many molecules of each are transported at a time
3 sodium
2 potassium
80
DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
81
Mitosis is cool because
You can see it happen under the microscope
82
Gametes
Sex cells
83
How many bones as an adult? How many when your born?
Adult 206
Born almost 300
84
At what age do you start losing bone mass
20
85
Axial skeleton is
The major studs of your house
86
Appendicular skeleton
The outside walls of your house
87
5 main bones shapes
Flat, long, short, irregular, sesamoid
88
Deepest, innermost part of a bone where blood is made
Medullary cavity
89
Rib cage has how many bones
12 sets so 24
Plus the sternum so 25
90
Spinal column has how many bones
33
91
Appendicular skeleton has how many bones
126
92
Synovial joints are
The work horse joints
93
Ball and socket joint
Have the greatest degree of movement
94
In muscle tissue how many fibers make up one fascicle
150
95
How do muscles attach to bones
Through tendons
96
How does two bones connect to one another
Using ligaments
97
How many muscles in the body
More than 650
98
Longest muscle
Sartorius
99
Top of the heart is called
The base
100
Bottom of the heart is called
Apex
101
Size of the heart
250-350 grams
5” in length
3.5” width
2.5” thick
102
Heart pumps how much blood per minute
5 liters
103
Length of capillaries, veins and arteries combined
96,000 km or about 4 times around the earth
104
The heart is similar to a
Shipping center
105
Blood cells have a life span of
120 days before being destroyed by the spleen and liver
106
Platelets have a life span of
10 days
107
In the pharynx Where does food get stuck most often
Piriform recess
108
Lungs contain how many miles of airways
1,500
109
How many alveoli in both lungs? How much surface area
700 million and a surface area of 70 sq meters
110
Respiration means
Exchange of gases
111
Ventilation is
Breathing, the entire process of drawing air in and out of the lungs
112
Total lung capacity
6 liters
113
Carbon dioxide diffuses how much faster then oxygen
20 times
114
Another term for digestive tract
Alimentary canal
115
Peristalsis
Think of what you do when you squeeze toothpaste, how the GI Tract moves food
116
How long is the “small part” of the alimentary canal. (Small intestine)
22-25 feet
117
Ileum is responsible mainly for absorbing
Vitamin B12 and bile salt
118
Large intestine is how long
5 ft
119
How many lobes in the liver
4, left, right, quadrate, caudate
120
Main stomach enzyme
Pepsin
121
Hunger hormone made by liver and stomach
Ghrelin... think, "makes you hungry like a gremlin"
122
Body of a neuron
Soma
123
Glue of the nervous system
Glial cells
124
What makes up the cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cells
125
Where does major thought process happen
Cerebral cortex
126
Frontal lobe controls
Planned movement
127
Temporal lobe controls
Emotional, wernickes area, language
128
Parietal lobe
Somatosensory cortex, sensory
129
Occipital lobe
Visual cortex
130
Hypothalamus controls
Body temp, appetite
131
Hippocampus
Memories
132
Amygdala controls
Fear
133
Cerebellum means
Little brain
134
How many spinal nerves
31
135
Fight or flight
Sympathetic nervous system
136
Enteric nervous system controls
GI tract
137
4 types of mechanoreceptors for the skin
Meissner, Pacinian, Ruffini corpuscles
Merkels Discs
138
Nociceptors
Nerve endings that detect pain
139
Rods and cones are
Rod’s sensitive to light
Cones detecting color
140
all different tastes sensations be felt all over the tongue
True
141
How many taste buds on the surface of the tongue
4,000, each one has up to 100 taste cells
142
Hormones are like
Emails that a company sends
143
Oxytocin is the
The love hormone
144
Which gland is the most responsible for the entirety of your cellular metabolism
Thyroid
145
Insulin is made where
Beta cells in the pancreas
146
Pineal gland main job
Produce melatonin
147
Mantra of anatomy and physiology
Coordination is everything
148
In the immune system you have how many different immune systems
2
149
The innate immune system…
Works first, slogan is “shoot first ask questions later”
150
Adaptive immune system is
The sniper team of the immune system
151
The main organ of the immune system
Bone marrow, makes all the main immune cells
152
Spleen is
Large lymph node that filters blood
153
IgM antibodies
First to be made in the immune response
154
IgG antibodies are
The most common type of antibody
155
Beside filtering blood and making urine what else to kidneys play a big role in
Maintaining blood pressure
156
Kidneys main job is too
Remove a molecule called urea, which is a breakdown product of protein metabolism
157
Inside lining of the uterus is called
Endometrium
158
External female genitalia
Vulva
159
Ovaries are the size and shape of
Almonds
160
Sperm cells swim by means of
Chemotaxis
161
Where do sperm cells mature and gain motility
Epididymis
162
Skin system is called
Integumentary system
163
Your nervous system is a lot like a
Robocall telephone system
164
Bronchi that are the smaller city streets
Tertiary bronchi
165
Area between your teeth and cheeks
Vestibule
166
Your nervous system is like a
Large corporation
167
Parathyroid hormone is important in balancing what
Calcium levels
168
Anatomical weak points in the body
Neck
lower back
Heart
Brain
