Simple Genetics

Question 1

trait

Answer 1

a characteristic (flower color, hair color, etc.)

Question 2

phenotype (simple)

Answer 2

the value an organism expresses for a certain trait (purple flower color, brown hair color, etc.)

Question 3

pure-breeding strain

Answer 3

homozygous dominant or recessive; always produce 100% same offspring

Question 4

dominant allele

Answer 4

one that masks or hides the presence of a recessive allele

Question 5

gene vs. allele

Answer 5

gene: specific section on DNA strand for a trait
allele: variant on a gene

Question 6

phenotype (complex)

Answer 6

characteristic for trait based on alleles

Question 7

genotype

Answer 7

different alleles organism has (represented by letters)

Question 8

heterozygous

Answer 8

two different alleles for a gene

Question 9

homozygous

Answer 9

two of the same allele

Question 10

Inheritance Type #1 (two names)

Answer 10

Complete OR Autosomal Dominance

The gene is on autosomes, so in diploids, there are two copies. Dominant allele wins over recessive.

Question 11

monohybrid cross

Answer 11

expressed using Punnett Square (two diploid for one trait)

Question 12

codominance

Answer 12

Heterozygotes display BOTH phenotypes.

Question 13

incomplete dominance

Answer 13

Heterozygotes get blend of both possible homozygous phenotypes.

Question 14

sex-linkage

Answer 14

genes on a sex chromosome (most likely X) + for regular, 0 for recessive; There is no possible male carrier.