Genetics A Final Test

Question 1

mitosis for prokaryotes

Answer 1

binary fission

Question 2

THREE types of genetic diversity in sexual reproduction

Answer 2

(1) random assortment of homologous pairs during meiosis I (Law of Segregation)
(2) random combination of gametes (Law of Segregation as well)
(3 crossing over in Prophase I (of Mitosis I)

Question 3

Law of Segregation

Answer 3

Allele pairs (homologous chromosomes) SEPARATE during gamete formation and assort randomly into four gametes. These gametes then randomly combine.
Implications:
*Organisms get two alleles for every trait, one from each parent.

Question 4

Law of Independent Assortment (+ exception!)

Answer 4

Allele pairs separate independently in meiosis.
Implication: Traits are transmitted separately of one another.
EXCEPTION: Genes on same part of chromosome are often inherited together, except if they are crossed over.

Question 5

trisomy/monosomy

Answer 5

having three copies of a chromosome/one copy

Question 6

What does trisomy/monosomy result from?

Answer 6

nondisjunciton

Question 7

What is it called when one trait is influenced by multiple genes (height, skin color, etc.)?

Answer 7

polygenic traits

Question 8

What is it called when one gene influences multiple traits?

Answer 8

pleiotropy