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Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cnidarian circulation

A

NONE (diffusion)

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2
Q

annelids

A

closed system with five small hearts

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3
Q

arthropods

A

open system with one pulsating dorsal vessel

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4
Q

three types of blood vessels

A

arteries: away! high oxygen (except for pulmonary), high blood pressure
capillaries: itty-bitty babies
veins: to! low oxygen (except for pulmonary), unidirectional valves to push blood to heart

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5
Q

FISH circulatory

A

heart –> gills for oxygen –> body muscles –> heart

very inefficient because blood loses momentum in gills

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6
Q

ALL OTHER vertebrates (the two circuits)

A

pulmonary (to and from lungs), systemic (to and from body)
amphibian + reptile: two chambers, inefficient because the blood mixes (AAAAAAHHHHH)
avian + mammals: four chambers, highly efficient

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7
Q

the four heart chambers (duh-du-duuuuuuuh!)

A

RIGHT side: from body to lungs
LEFT side: from lungs to body
atrium, then ventricle in each half; separated by atrioventricular valves

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8
Q

DIRECTION of flow!!!!

A

body (little oxygen)–> inferior & superior vena cavas –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> aorta!! –> body AND KEEPS GOING

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9
Q

What moon-like thingies separate ventricles from outside?

A

SEMILUNAR VALVES!!! separate ventricles from pulmonary artery and aorta (respectively)

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10
Q

heart composition

A

made of cardiac muscle
stimulated by sinoatrial node (pacemaker): causes atrium to contract, reaches atrioventricular node, causes ventricle to contract

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11
Q

blood composition

A

fluid called plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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12
Q

plasma

A

mainly water, contains lots of dissolved stuff and proteins that regulate blood clotting and loss of blood fluid

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13
Q

red blood cells

A

transport oxygen with hemoglobin (binds to 4 O2 molecules)

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14
Q

white blood cells

A

fight off disease (phagocytes, lymphocytes)

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15
Q

platelets

A

packets of cytoplasm that release enzyme thromboplastin, turns fibrinogen (protein in blood) into fibrin (covers up wounds)

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16
Q

What enzyme do platelets release and what does it do?

A

thromboplastin; converts fibrinogen into fibrin which covers up open wounds

17
Q

antigens

A 
proteins made by red blood cells
two types: A and B
O = none
A = only A
B = only B
AB = A & B
Red blood cells contain antibodies for all antigens that the body does not produce

Biology (18 decks)

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