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Most common > Signs > Flashcards

Signs Flashcards

LS

1
Q

candle guttering appearance

A

syphilis in the spine
(syphilis meningomyelitis)

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2
Q

flip-flop sign

A

syphilis in the spine

reflects severe parenchymatous inflammation with blood–spinal cord barrier breach

abnormal enhancement of the parenchyma depicted as hypo-intensity in the T2- weighted imaging and a “candle guttering appearance” that is a superficial enhancement of the spinal cord parenchyma beneath

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3
Q

napkin-ring narrowing

A

lumbar central canal stenosis

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4
Q

jail bar / corduroy cloth appearance

A

vertebral hemangioma

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5
Q

spotted appearance

A

vertebral hemangioma

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6
Q

mini brain / cerebriform appearance

A

plasmacytoma

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7
Q

pseudocord sign, empty sac sign

A

arachnoiditis

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8
Q

vacant thecal appearance

A

arachnoiditis

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9
Q

target sign

A

neurofibroma

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10
Q

sugar-coated appearance

A

leptomeningeal tumor / subarachnoid tumor

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11
Q

cap sign / hemosiderin cap sign

A

ependymoma

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12
Q

flame sign

A

intramedullary spinal metastasis

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13
Q

rim sign

A

intramedullary spinal metastasis

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14
Q

beveled appearance

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

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15
Q

black hole effect

A

colloid cyst

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16
Q

claw sign

A

Rathke cleft cyst

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17
Q

cotton wool appearance

A

Paget disease (mixed active stage)

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18
Q

hair on end spicules

A

metastatic neuroblastoma

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19
Q

hair on end pattern

A

thalassemia

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20
Q

double rim sign

A

abscess (early capsule)

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21
Q

four-dot brainstem sign

A

MSUD

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22
Q

hockey stick sign

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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23
Q

eye of the tiger

A

pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) - not all

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24
Q

eye of the tiger sign

A

acute organophosphate poisoning

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25
Q

face of giant panda sign in midbrain

A

Wilson disease

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26
Q

honeycomb or jail bars appearance, spoke-wheel

A

hemangioma

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27
Q

ivy sign

A

moyamoya

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28
Q

pulvinar sign on T1

A

Fabry disease

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29
Q

spot sign

A

active bleeding

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30
Q

dot sign

A

acute infarct (MCA)

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31
Q

swirl sign

A

active, rapid bleeding with unretracted clot

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32
Q

molar tooth sign

A

Joubert syndrome and JS-related disorders

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33
Q

Mount Fuji sign

A

tension pneumocephalus

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34
Q

salt and peppier lesions

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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35
Q

string of beads

A

hippocampal sulcus remnants

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36
Q

white cerebellum sign

A

brain death (or diffuse, severe cerebral edema?)

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37
Q

Medusa head / upside down umbrella

A

DVA

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38
Q

tiger stripe pattern

A

Lhermitte-Duclos disease

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39
Q

tiger / tigroid / leopard pattern

A

metachromatic leukodystrophy

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40
Q

transmantle MR sign

A

FCD type IIb

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41
Q

V sign

A

artery of Percheron infarct

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42
Q

double-ring appearance

A

esophageal lipomatosis

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43
Q

“C” or “U” configuration

A

internal hernia

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44
Q

jejunization

A

celiac disease or sprue, scleroderma (actually number of folds remains normal, but folds become closer due to sclerosis of inner circular layer of muscularis propria)

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45
Q

layered appearance / halo

A

very specific for benign disease

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46
Q

lead pipe appearance

A

UC

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47
Q

accordion appearance

A

pseudomembranous colitis, any severe colitis

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48
Q

bright dot sign

A

hemangioma (Small / <2 cm w/ atypical pattern of persistent low attenuation during both hepatic arterial and portal venous phases of enhancement)

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49
Q

spoke-wheel pattern

A

FNH

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50
Q

mosaic pattern

A

large HCC

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51
Q

nodule-within-nodule appearance

A

macroscopic focus of HCC within a siderotic regenerative nodule

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52
Q

target sign

A

hepatic metastases (15-27%)

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53
Q

target sign

A

intussusception

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54
Q

target appearance

A

esophagitis

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55
Q

target sign

A

esophagitis (helps to differentiate it from other causes of esophageal wall thickening)

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56
Q

target appearance

A

small bowel ischemia, small bowel hemorrhage

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57
Q

targetlike apperance

A

some Gaucher disease

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58
Q

double-target appearance

A

hepatic abscess

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59
Q

halo sign

A

(approx half of) hepatic metastases from colorectal ca

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60
Q

peripheral washout sign

A

hepatic metases (1/4 of mets) (hypervascular > hypovascular)

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61
Q

cluster sign

A

multiple hepatic abscesses, suggestive of pyogenic nature

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62
Q

flip-flop sign

A

fatty infiltration of the liver

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63
Q

cortical rim sign

A

delayed finding of renal arterial occlusion (several days)

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64
Q

rim sign

A

splenic infarction (entire spleen)

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65
Q

rim sign

A

low attenuation CBD stones

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66
Q

central dot sign

A

Caroli disease

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67
Q

crescent sign

A

bile duct stone

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68
Q

target or crescent sign

A

CBD stone

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69
Q

pruned and beaded appearance

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis (not specific: other benign and malignant biliary obstruction)

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70
Q

beaded appearance of the renal artery

A

medial fibroplasia, often called fibromuscular dysplasia

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71
Q

concentric ring sign

A

intraabdominal hematoma >3 weeks old

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72
Q

three-ring appearance

A

subacute (retroperitoneal) hematoma

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73
Q

comb sign

A

active Crohn disease

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74
Q

comb sign

A

active Crohn disease

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75
Q

comb sign

A

lupus mesenteric vasculitis

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76
Q

fat ring sign

A

sclerosing mesenteritis (some patients)

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77
Q

stellate appearance

A

mesenteric involvement in mesothelioma

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78
Q

sandwich-like appearance

A

mesenteric LN involvement by lymphoma

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79
Q

draped aorta sign

A

contained or impending aortic rupture

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80
Q

draped aorta sign

A

ruptured AAA

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81
Q

crescent sign

A

associated with IMH and predictive of free or contained rupture of AAA

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82
Q

hyperattenuating crescent sign

A

sign of impending rupture of AAA

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83
Q

beak sign

A

marker for the false lumen

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84
Q

beak sign

A

false lumen

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85
Q

windsock

A

intimointimal intussusception

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86
Q

layered gadolinium sign

A

abdominal venous aneurysm

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87
Q

beak sign

A

suggests that tumor is arising from a specific organ rather than the retroperitoneal soft tissue

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88
Q

tissue rim sign

A

ureteral stone

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89
Q

bear claw pattern

A

parallel, linear lacerations on the surface of the liver or radiating out from the hilar region

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90
Q

banana shaped uterus

A

unicornuate uterus

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91
Q

beaded dilatation of pancreatic duct

A

chronic pancreatitis

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92
Q

sausage pancreas

A

autoimmune pancreatitis (diffuse pattern)

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93
Q

bunch of grapes

A

serous cystadenoma (polycystic)

94
Q

bunch-of-grapes appearance

A

branch-duct IPMN

95
Q

grapelike cluster of small cysts

A

side branch type IPMT

96
Q

honeycomb appearance

A

serous cystadenoma

97
Q

spoke-wheel pattern of enhancement

A

oncocytoma / chromophobe RCCs

98
Q

small-bowel feces sign

A

partial small-bowel obstruction

99
Q

beak or whirl sign

A

(closed-loop? small bowel) obstruction and volvulus

100
Q

nodule-in-nodule appearance

A

HCC

101
Q

mosaic architecture

A

HCC

102
Q

interrupted duct sign

A

neoplasm (versus chronic panc)

103
Q

paint brush appearance

A

medullary sponge kidney

104
Q

striated appearance

A

ARPKD

105
Q

mushrooming of exophytic component

A

AML

106
Q

putty kidney

A

end-stage renal TB

107
Q

tail sign

A

phlebolith

108
Q

soft tissue rim sign

A

ureteral stone

109
Q

flame or waterfall shape

A

active free hemorrhage in renal trauma

110
Q

beaded appearance of the renal artery

A

medial fibroblasia / fibromuscular dysplasia

111
Q

stratified “target” or “double-halo” appearance

A

Crohn disease

112
Q

double-halo sign

A

benign bowel wall thickening

113
Q

target sign

A

benign bowel wall thickening

114
Q

comb sign

A

(active) Crohn disease

115
Q

fat halo sign

A

misty mesentery / sclerosing mesenteritis

116
Q

sandwich sign

A

lymphoma

117
Q

target or halo appearance

A

bowel with mural thickening (highly indicative of inflammatory/infectious process)

118
Q

accordion pattern

A

pseudomembranous colitis

119
Q

double ring appearance

A

esophageal lipomatosis

120
Q

sentinel clot sign

A

visceral injury; subtle or occult bowel, mesenteric, and splenic injuries

121
Q

eggshell calcification

A

silicosis (also described in lymphoma, treated metastatic carcinoma, sarcoidosis (25%) - late manifestation, healed infectious granulomatous disease, and amyloidosis)

122
Q

beak sign

A

false lumen

123
Q

whorled appearance

A

ganglioneuromas

124
Q

irregular, corrugated, or scalloped appearance of the trachea and, occasionally, the main bronchi

A

tracheal diverticulosis in tracheobronchomegaly

125
Q

CT angiogram sign

A

consolidative form of bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma (subgroup of adenoca); may also be encountered with primary pulmonary lymphoma

126
Q

CT angiogram sign

A

adenocarcinoma (formerly bronchioalveolar ca), pneumonia, pulmonary edema, postobstructive pneumonitis, lymphoma, mets

127
Q

signet ring configuration / signet ring sign

A

bronchiectasis

128
Q

popcorn

A

hamartoma

129
Q

beaded septum sign

A

lymphangitic carcinomatosis, sarcoidosis, or coal workers pneumoconiosis

130
Q

beaded chain appearance

A

lymphangitic carcinomatosis

131
Q

CT halo sign

A

(early angio)invasive pulmonary aspergillosis / Aspergillus in immunosuppressed patients, Kaposi sarcoma, TB, post-transbronchial biopsy, Wegener granulomatosis; invasive mucormycosis, Candida, and Pseudomonas

132
Q

halo sign

A

invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

133
Q

CT halo sign

A

angioinvasive fungus (clasically Aspergillus, also Candida, Mucor, etc), mycobacteria, rickettsia, virus, and septic embolism; Wegener, eosinophilic pneumonia, COP, endometriosis; Kaposi, lung adenoca (formerly BAC), vascular mets (angiosarc, chorioca, osteosarc); post-transbronchial biopsy (lung transplant patient), catheter-induced pulmonary pseudoaneurysm

134
Q

atoll sign or reverse halo sign

A

organizing pneumonia

135
Q

atoll sign / reverse halo sign

A

cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, mucormysosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, TB, Wegener granulomatosis, pulmonary infarct, sarcoidosis, radiofrequency ablation, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, tumor

136
Q

tree-in-bud sign

A

sarcoidosis, TB and other granulomatous infections, histiocytosis X, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, panbronchiolitis, graft vs host disease; proliferative brionchiolitis

137
Q

tree-in-bud sign

A

bronchiolitis, particularly infectious bronchiolitis; rarely seen in arteriolar disease (tumor emboli, talc, cellulose-induced granulomatosis)

138
Q

head cheese sign

A

subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

139
Q

Swiss cheese appearance

A

heterogeneous consolidation in emphysema

140
Q

air crescent sign

A

Aspergillus (fumigatus) - mycetoma or fungus ball

141
Q

air crescent sign / meniscus sign / Monod sign

A

fungus ball/mycetoma/aspergilloma (recovery phase of angioinvasive aspergillosis)

142
Q

crazy paving appearance

A

pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, bronchoalveolar cell ca, lipoid pneumonia

143
Q

crazy-paving sign

A

alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, infection (PCP pneumonia), and lipoid pneumonia

144
Q

displaced crus sign

A

pleural fluid

145
Q

diaphragm sign

A

both ascites and pleural fluid are present

146
Q

split pleura sign

A

empyema (2/3), pleural neoplasm and inflammatory disease also may produce this sign

147
Q

split pleura sign

A

empyema, other exudative PE (malignant effusion, hemothorax, following surgery, and other causes of chronic pleural fluid)

148
Q

comet tail appearance

A

rounded atelectasis

149
Q

comet tail sign

A

rounded atelectasis (due to chronic pleural reaction including asbestos-related pleural disease, pleural TB, and chronic pleurisy)

150
Q

linguine or wavy line sign

A

intracapsular rupture

151
Q

teardrop, keyhole, or noose sign

A

intracapsular rupture

152
Q

target sign

A

benign neurogenic tumors (vs heteogeneous masses in malignancy)

153
Q

dependent viscera sign

A

traumatic diaphragmatic hernia

154
Q

absent diaphragm sign

A

disruption of diaphragm

155
Q

honeycomb, soap bubble, or sunburst appearance

A

hemangioma

156
Q

zebra appearance

A

amyloidosis

157
Q

light bulb appearance

A

hemangioma

158
Q

falling lung sign

A

complete bronchial tear w/ associated pneumothorax

159
Q

pulverized lung appearance

A

multiple traumatic lacerations and air cyst within an area of airspace consolidation

160
Q

feeding vessel sign

A

often indicates hematogenous dissemination of disease (septic embolism, mets, AVM, and occasionally lung ca and granuloma)

161
Q

subpleural curvilinear line sign

A

dependent atelec, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, or (when isolated) asbestosis

162
Q

Hampton hump

A

peripheral pulmonary infarction

163
Q

Westermark sign

A

pulmonary embolus

164
Q

bull’s-eye appearance

A

benign

165
Q

bull’s-eye sign

A

specific indicator of normal hematopoietic marrow and not metastatic disease

166
Q

geyser sign

A

large subacromial/subdeltoid bursal fluid / massive rotator cuff tears

167
Q

mini-brain appearance

A

multiple myeloma (pattern: focal lesions)

168
Q

T1 halo sign - “the angel”

A

resolving lesion/mets

169
Q

T2 halo sign - “the devil”

A

active lesion

170
Q

flame-shaped serpentine borders

A

marrow infarction within the calcaneus

171
Q

Erlenmeyer flask deformities of the distal femora

A

Gaucher’s disease

172
Q

target sign

A

intramuscular neurofibromas

173
Q

target sign

A

neurofibromas (but can probably occur in other nerve tumors)

174
Q

string sign

A

nerve sheath tumor

175
Q

split fat sign - fat ring sign on Lee

A

nerve sheath tumor

176
Q

penumbra sign

A

highly suggestive but not specific for (subacute or chronic) abscess

177
Q

rice bodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis; certain chronic synovial conditions or indolent infections when the synovial villi hypertrophy to such an extent that they outgrow their blood supply, necrose, and slough off into the joint

178
Q

shiny corners

A

ankylosing spondylitis

179
Q

double-line sign

A

medullary bone infarct

180
Q

double-line sign

A

AVN (of the hip) - 80%

181
Q

arched eyebrow appearance

A

insufficiency fracture in the supra-acetabular region

182
Q

secondary cleft sign

A

(increase suspicion that groin pain is related to) adductor longus injury

183
Q

pistol grip deformity of femoral head-neck

A

cam-type femoroacetabular impingement

184
Q

yoyo in a string

A

Stener lesion

185
Q

bowstring appearance

A

rupture of the ligamentous pulley of the flexor digitorum tendon

186
Q

parrot beak tear

A

radial meniscal tear

187
Q

double PCL sign

A

bucket-handle tear

188
Q

(anterior) double delta sign

A

bucket-handle tear

189
Q

ghost meniscus sign

A

radial meniscal tear (that has completely traversed the meniscus)

190
Q

truncated triangle sign

A

radial meniscal tear

191
Q

drumstick appearance

A

ACL ganglion / ACL cyst

192
Q

housemaid’s knee

A

prepatellar bursitis

193
Q

“double anterior horn” sign

A

meniscal tear

194
Q

T sign

A

partial detachment of the deep undersuface fibers of the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament

195
Q

T sign

A

partial tear and stripping of the distal anterior bundle MCL / partial tear at the sublime tubercle

196
Q

T or tau sign

A

UCL partial tear

197
Q

chevron shape

A

longitudinal split tear of peroneus brevis

198
Q

hammer-and-nail defomity

A

DJD of the TMJ

199
Q

spur sign

A

acetabular fracture (?)

200
Q

spur sign

A

sine qua non of the both-column fracture

201
Q

double ACL sign

A

complex flap tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus

202
Q

reverse S sign

A

complex flap tear of the body and posterior horn

203
Q

posterior double delta sign

A

flap tear mimicking a bucket-handle tear

204
Q

H or Honda sign

A

bilateral sacral insufficiency fractures

205
Q

empty notch sign

A

absent ACL

206
Q

lateral notch sign

A

ACL injury

207
Q

MR anterior drawer sign (spec, Lachman’s sign)

A

anterolateral instability

208
Q

arcuate sign

A

avulsion fracture of the posterosuperior apex of the fibular styloid process / avulsion fracture of the head of the fibula

209
Q

irregular infrapatellar fat-pad sign

A

synovitis / variety of synovial reactions (hemophilia, RA, PVNS, Lyme arthritis, inflammatory OA, and hemorrhagic effusions)

210
Q

flame on a torch sign

A

thick infrapatellar plica

211
Q

bursal puddle sign

A

bursal-side rotator cuff tear

212
Q

cuff wave sign

A

easier cuff reattachment / reparable cuff tear w/o assoc scarring

213
Q

increased cross-sectional diameter sign

A

supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendon retraction

214
Q

beer gut sign

A

chronic healed osseous Bankart lesion

215
Q

notch sign / trough lesion

A

reverse Bankart lesion (iba sa Helms, check eponyms)

216
Q

three structure sign / triple structure sign

A

bucket-handle tear of the superior labrum / displaced SLAP tear

217
Q

subcoracoid triangle sign

A

adhesive capsulitis

218
Q

fallen fragment sign

A

unicameral bone cyst

219
Q

bow-tie shape

A

diseased retropharyngeal space / mass primary to the entire retropharyngeal space

220
Q

salt-and-pepper appearance

A

paraganglioma (Lee: more consistently seen if >2 cm)

221
Q

beak sign

A

second branchial cleft cyst

222
Q

tail sign

A

diving ranula

223
Q

ice cream in a cone

A

acoustic neuroma

224
Q

mushroom head shape

A

meningioma

225
Q

mushroom cloud appearance

A

uveal melanoma

226
Q

tram track enhancement / tram-track sign

A

optic nerve sheath meningioma / perioptic meningioma

227
Q

dural tail / meningeal sign / flare sign

A

meningioma > oligodendroglioma, schwannoma, glioblastoma, and mets

228
Q

empty fossa sign

A

medial or lateral disk displacement in TMJ

229
Q

double ring or fourth turn sign

A

cochlear or retrofenestral otosclerosis

230
Q

target sign

A

large neurofibromas / plexiform neurofibroma

231
Q

botyroid sign

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

Most common (9 decks)

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