Signs Flashcards
LS
1
Q
candle guttering appearance
A
syphilis in the spine
(syphilis meningomyelitis)
2
Q
flip-flop sign
A
syphilis in the spine
reflects severe parenchymatous inflammation with blood–spinal cord barrier breach
abnormal enhancement of the parenchyma depicted as hypo-intensity in the T2- weighted imaging and a “candle guttering appearance” that is a superficial enhancement of the spinal cord parenchyma beneath
3
Q
napkin-ring narrowing
A
lumbar central canal stenosis
4
Q
jail bar / corduroy cloth appearance
A
vertebral hemangioma
5
Q
spotted appearance
A
vertebral hemangioma
6
Q
mini brain / cerebriform appearance
A
plasmacytoma
7
Q
pseudocord sign, empty sac sign
A
arachnoiditis
8
Q
vacant thecal appearance
A
arachnoiditis
9
Q
target sign
A
neurofibroma
10
Q
sugar-coated appearance
A
leptomeningeal tumor / subarachnoid tumor
11
Q
cap sign / hemosiderin cap sign
A
ependymoma
12
Q
flame sign
A
intramedullary spinal metastasis
13
Q
rim sign
A
intramedullary spinal metastasis
14
Q
beveled appearance
A
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
15
Q
black hole effect
A
colloid cyst
16
Q
claw sign
A
Rathke cleft cyst
17
Q
cotton wool appearance
A
Paget disease (mixed active stage)
18
Q
hair on end spicules
A
metastatic neuroblastoma
19
Q
hair on end pattern
A
thalassemia
20
Q
double rim sign
A
abscess (early capsule)
21
Q
four-dot brainstem sign
A
MSUD
22
Q
hockey stick sign
A
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
23
Q
eye of the tiger
A
pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) - not all
24
Q
eye of the tiger sign
A
acute organophosphate poisoning
25
face of giant panda sign in midbrain
Wilson disease
26
honeycomb or jail bars appearance, spoke-wheel
hemangioma
27
ivy sign
moyamoya
28
pulvinar sign on T1
Fabry disease
29
spot sign
active bleeding
30
dot sign
acute infarct (MCA)
31
swirl sign
active, rapid bleeding with unretracted clot
32
molar tooth sign
Joubert syndrome and JS-related disorders
33
Mount Fuji sign
tension pneumocephalus
34
salt and peppier lesions
primary hyperparathyroidism
35
string of beads
hippocampal sulcus remnants
36
white cerebellum sign
brain death (or diffuse, severe cerebral edema?)
37
Medusa head / upside down umbrella
DVA
38
tiger stripe pattern
Lhermitte-Duclos disease
39
tiger / tigroid / leopard pattern
metachromatic leukodystrophy
40
transmantle MR sign
FCD type IIb
41
V sign
artery of Percheron infarct
42
double-ring appearance
esophageal lipomatosis
43
"C" or "U" configuration
internal hernia
44
jejunization
celiac disease or sprue, scleroderma (actually number of folds remains normal, but folds become closer due to sclerosis of inner circular layer of muscularis propria)
45
layered appearance / halo
very specific for benign disease
46
lead pipe appearance
UC
47
accordion appearance
pseudomembranous colitis, any severe colitis
48
bright dot sign
hemangioma (Small / <2 cm w/ atypical pattern of persistent low attenuation during both hepatic arterial and portal venous phases of enhancement)
49
spoke-wheel pattern
FNH
50
mosaic pattern
large HCC
51
nodule-within-nodule appearance
macroscopic focus of HCC within a siderotic regenerative nodule
52
target sign
hepatic metastases (15-27%)
53
target sign
intussusception
54
target appearance
esophagitis
55
target sign
esophagitis (helps to differentiate it from other causes of esophageal wall thickening)
56
target appearance
small bowel ischemia, small bowel hemorrhage
57
targetlike apperance
some Gaucher disease
58
double-target appearance
hepatic abscess
59
halo sign
(approx half of) hepatic metastases from colorectal ca
60
peripheral washout sign
hepatic metases (1/4 of mets) (hypervascular > hypovascular)
61
cluster sign
multiple hepatic abscesses, suggestive of pyogenic nature
62
flip-flop sign
fatty infiltration of the liver
63
cortical rim sign
delayed finding of renal arterial occlusion (several days)
64
rim sign
splenic infarction (entire spleen)
65
rim sign
low attenuation CBD stones
66
central dot sign
Caroli disease
67
crescent sign
bile duct stone
68
target or crescent sign
CBD stone
69
pruned and beaded appearance
primary sclerosing cholangitis (not specific: other benign and malignant biliary obstruction)
70
beaded appearance of the renal artery
medial fibroplasia, often called fibromuscular dysplasia
71
concentric ring sign
intraabdominal hematoma >3 weeks old
72
three-ring appearance
subacute (retroperitoneal) hematoma
73
comb sign
active Crohn disease
74
comb sign
active Crohn disease
75
comb sign
lupus mesenteric vasculitis
76
fat ring sign
sclerosing mesenteritis (some patients)
77
stellate appearance
mesenteric involvement in mesothelioma
78
sandwich-like appearance
mesenteric LN involvement by lymphoma
79
draped aorta sign
contained or impending aortic rupture
80
draped aorta sign
ruptured AAA
81
crescent sign
associated with IMH and predictive of free or contained rupture of AAA
82
hyperattenuating crescent sign
sign of impending rupture of AAA
83
beak sign
marker for the false lumen
84
beak sign
false lumen
85
windsock
intimointimal intussusception
86
layered gadolinium sign
abdominal venous aneurysm
87
beak sign
suggests that tumor is arising from a specific organ rather than the retroperitoneal soft tissue
88
tissue rim sign
ureteral stone
89
bear claw pattern
parallel, linear lacerations on the surface of the liver or radiating out from the hilar region
90
banana shaped uterus
unicornuate uterus
91
beaded dilatation of pancreatic duct
chronic pancreatitis
92
sausage pancreas
autoimmune pancreatitis (diffuse pattern)
93
bunch of grapes
serous cystadenoma (polycystic)
94
bunch-of-grapes appearance
branch-duct IPMN
95
grapelike cluster of small cysts
side branch type IPMT
96
honeycomb appearance
serous cystadenoma
97
spoke-wheel pattern of enhancement
oncocytoma / chromophobe RCCs
98
small-bowel feces sign
partial small-bowel obstruction
99
beak or whirl sign
(closed-loop? small bowel) obstruction and volvulus
100
nodule-in-nodule appearance
HCC
101
mosaic architecture
HCC
102
interrupted duct sign
neoplasm (versus chronic panc)
103
paint brush appearance
medullary sponge kidney
104
striated appearance
ARPKD
105
mushrooming of exophytic component
AML
106
putty kidney
end-stage renal TB
107
tail sign
phlebolith
108
soft tissue rim sign
ureteral stone
109
flame or waterfall shape
active free hemorrhage in renal trauma
110
beaded appearance of the renal artery
medial fibroblasia / fibromuscular dysplasia
111
stratified "target" or "double-halo" appearance
Crohn disease
112
double-halo sign
benign bowel wall thickening
113
target sign
benign bowel wall thickening
114
comb sign
(active) Crohn disease
115
fat halo sign
misty mesentery / sclerosing mesenteritis
116
sandwich sign
lymphoma
117
target or halo appearance
bowel with mural thickening (highly indicative of inflammatory/infectious process)
118
accordion pattern
pseudomembranous colitis
119
double ring appearance
esophageal lipomatosis
120
sentinel clot sign
visceral injury; subtle or occult bowel, mesenteric, and splenic injuries
121
eggshell calcification
silicosis (also described in lymphoma, treated metastatic carcinoma, sarcoidosis (25%) - late manifestation, healed infectious granulomatous disease, and amyloidosis)
122
beak sign
false lumen
123
whorled appearance
ganglioneuromas
124
irregular, corrugated, or scalloped appearance of the trachea and, occasionally, the main bronchi
tracheal diverticulosis in tracheobronchomegaly
125
CT angiogram sign
consolidative form of bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma (subgroup of adenoca); may also be encountered with primary pulmonary lymphoma
126
CT angiogram sign
adenocarcinoma (formerly bronchioalveolar ca), pneumonia, pulmonary edema, postobstructive pneumonitis, lymphoma, mets
127
signet ring configuration / signet ring sign
bronchiectasis
128
popcorn
hamartoma
129
beaded septum sign
lymphangitic carcinomatosis, sarcoidosis, or coal workers pneumoconiosis
130
beaded chain appearance
lymphangitic carcinomatosis
131
CT halo sign
(early angio)invasive pulmonary aspergillosis / Aspergillus in immunosuppressed patients, Kaposi sarcoma, TB, post-transbronchial biopsy, Wegener granulomatosis; invasive mucormycosis, Candida, and Pseudomonas
132
halo sign
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
133
CT halo sign
angioinvasive fungus (clasically Aspergillus, also Candida, Mucor, etc), mycobacteria, rickettsia, virus, and septic embolism; Wegener, eosinophilic pneumonia, COP, endometriosis; Kaposi, lung adenoca (formerly BAC), vascular mets (angiosarc, chorioca, osteosarc); post-transbronchial biopsy (lung transplant patient), catheter-induced pulmonary pseudoaneurysm
134
atoll sign or reverse halo sign
organizing pneumonia
135
atoll sign / reverse halo sign
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, mucormysosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, TB, Wegener granulomatosis, pulmonary infarct, sarcoidosis, radiofrequency ablation, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, tumor
136
tree-in-bud sign
sarcoidosis, TB and other granulomatous infections, histiocytosis X, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, panbronchiolitis, graft vs host disease; proliferative brionchiolitis
137
tree-in-bud sign
bronchiolitis, particularly infectious bronchiolitis; rarely seen in arteriolar disease (tumor emboli, talc, cellulose-induced granulomatosis)
138
head cheese sign
subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis
139
Swiss cheese appearance
heterogeneous consolidation in emphysema
140
air crescent sign
Aspergillus (fumigatus) - mycetoma or fungus ball
141
air crescent sign / meniscus sign / Monod sign
fungus ball/mycetoma/aspergilloma (recovery phase of angioinvasive aspergillosis)
142
crazy paving appearance
pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, bronchoalveolar cell ca, lipoid pneumonia
143
crazy-paving sign
alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, infection (PCP pneumonia), and lipoid pneumonia
144
displaced crus sign
pleural fluid
145
diaphragm sign
both ascites and pleural fluid are present
146
split pleura sign
empyema (2/3), pleural neoplasm and inflammatory disease also may produce this sign
147
split pleura sign
empyema, other exudative PE (malignant effusion, hemothorax, following surgery, and other causes of chronic pleural fluid)
148
comet tail appearance
rounded atelectasis
149
comet tail sign
rounded atelectasis (due to chronic pleural reaction including asbestos-related pleural disease, pleural TB, and chronic pleurisy)
150
linguine or wavy line sign
intracapsular rupture
151
teardrop, keyhole, or noose sign
intracapsular rupture
152
target sign
benign neurogenic tumors (vs heteogeneous masses in malignancy)
153
dependent viscera sign
traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
154
absent diaphragm sign
disruption of diaphragm
155
honeycomb, soap bubble, or sunburst appearance
hemangioma
156
zebra appearance
amyloidosis
157
light bulb appearance
hemangioma
158
falling lung sign
complete bronchial tear w/ associated pneumothorax
159
pulverized lung appearance
multiple traumatic lacerations and air cyst within an area of airspace consolidation
160
feeding vessel sign
often indicates hematogenous dissemination of disease (septic embolism, mets, AVM, and occasionally lung ca and granuloma)
161
subpleural curvilinear line sign
dependent atelec, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, or (when isolated) asbestosis
162
Hampton hump
peripheral pulmonary infarction
163
Westermark sign
pulmonary embolus
164
bull's-eye appearance
benign
165
bull's-eye sign
specific indicator of normal hematopoietic marrow and not metastatic disease
166
geyser sign
large subacromial/subdeltoid bursal fluid / massive rotator cuff tears
167
mini-brain appearance
multiple myeloma (pattern: focal lesions)
168
T1 halo sign - "the angel"
resolving lesion/mets
169
T2 halo sign - "the devil"
active lesion
170
flame-shaped serpentine borders
marrow infarction within the calcaneus
171
Erlenmeyer flask deformities of the distal femora
Gaucher's disease
172
target sign
intramuscular neurofibromas
173
target sign
neurofibromas (but can probably occur in other nerve tumors)
174
string sign
nerve sheath tumor
175
split fat sign - fat ring sign on Lee
nerve sheath tumor
176
penumbra sign
highly suggestive but not specific for (subacute or chronic) abscess
177
rice bodies
rheumatoid arthritis; certain chronic synovial conditions or indolent infections when the synovial villi hypertrophy to such an extent that they outgrow their blood supply, necrose, and slough off into the joint
178
shiny corners
ankylosing spondylitis
179
double-line sign
medullary bone infarct
180
double-line sign
AVN (of the hip) - 80%
181
arched eyebrow appearance
insufficiency fracture in the supra-acetabular region
182
secondary cleft sign
(increase suspicion that groin pain is related to) adductor longus injury
183
pistol grip deformity of femoral head-neck
cam-type femoroacetabular impingement
184
yoyo in a string
Stener lesion
185
bowstring appearance
rupture of the ligamentous pulley of the flexor digitorum tendon
186
parrot beak tear
radial meniscal tear
187
double PCL sign
bucket-handle tear
188
(anterior) double delta sign
bucket-handle tear
189
ghost meniscus sign
radial meniscal tear (that has completely traversed the meniscus)
190
truncated triangle sign
radial meniscal tear
191
drumstick appearance
ACL ganglion / ACL cyst
192
housemaid's knee
prepatellar bursitis
193
“double anterior horn” sign
meniscal tear
194
T sign
partial detachment of the deep undersuface fibers of the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament
195
T sign
partial tear and stripping of the distal anterior bundle MCL / partial tear at the sublime tubercle
196
T or tau sign
UCL partial tear
197
chevron shape
longitudinal split tear of peroneus brevis
198
hammer-and-nail defomity
DJD of the TMJ
199
spur sign
acetabular fracture (?)
200
spur sign
sine qua non of the both-column fracture
201
double ACL sign
complex flap tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus
202
reverse S sign
complex flap tear of the body and posterior horn
203
posterior double delta sign
flap tear mimicking a bucket-handle tear
204
H or Honda sign
bilateral sacral insufficiency fractures
205
empty notch sign
absent ACL
206
lateral notch sign
ACL injury
207
MR anterior drawer sign (spec, Lachman's sign)
anterolateral instability
208
arcuate sign
avulsion fracture of the posterosuperior apex of the fibular styloid process / avulsion fracture of the head of the fibula
209
irregular infrapatellar fat-pad sign
synovitis / variety of synovial reactions (hemophilia, RA, PVNS, Lyme arthritis, inflammatory OA, and hemorrhagic effusions)
210
flame on a torch sign
thick infrapatellar plica
211
bursal puddle sign
bursal-side rotator cuff tear
212
cuff wave sign
easier cuff reattachment / reparable cuff tear w/o assoc scarring
213
increased cross-sectional diameter sign
supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendon retraction
214
beer gut sign
chronic healed osseous Bankart lesion
215
notch sign / trough lesion
reverse Bankart lesion (iba sa Helms, check eponyms)
216
three structure sign / triple structure sign
bucket-handle tear of the superior labrum / displaced SLAP tear
217
subcoracoid triangle sign
adhesive capsulitis
218
fallen fragment sign
unicameral bone cyst
219
bow-tie shape
diseased retropharyngeal space / mass primary to the entire retropharyngeal space
220
salt-and-pepper appearance
paraganglioma (Lee: more consistently seen if >2 cm)
221
beak sign
second branchial cleft cyst
222
tail sign
diving ranula
223
ice cream in a cone
acoustic neuroma
224
mushroom head shape
meningioma
225
mushroom cloud appearance
uveal melanoma
226
tram track enhancement / tram-track sign
optic nerve sheath meningioma / perioptic meningioma
227
dural tail / meningeal sign / flare sign
meningioma > oligodendroglioma, schwannoma, glioblastoma, and mets
228
empty fossa sign
medial or lateral disk displacement in TMJ
229
double ring or fourth turn sign
cochlear or retrofenestral otosclerosis
230
target sign
large neurofibromas / plexiform neurofibroma
231
botyroid sign
rhabdomyosarcoma
