signal transduction 1 Flashcards
metab cell movement ion transport
effect of signal cascade in signal transduction
effect of signal cascade in signal transduction
gene expression;making new proteins
signal transduction Cells respond in a —— manner to a defined array of signals tailored to their cell type.
selective
signal transduction Cells have a system of —— for transforming very — signals into very —– effects.
Cells have a system of amplification for transforming very small signals into very large effects.
signal transduction Cells have a system of —– for handling numerous signals and —– different signal pathways simultaneously.
Cells have a system of coordination for handling numerous signals and integrating different signal pathways simultaneously.
cross talk
coordination of signal transduction
tf
Signals are made and mobilized for gradual deployment
Signals are made and mobilized for rapid deployment
tf Signals have the capacity to be turned off (often rapidly).
T
Tf Signals (in general) employ relatively small molecules for easy movement within onlyextracellular space.
F Signals (in general) employ relatively small molecules for easy movement within extracellular or intracellular space.
Defined messages are relayed through
specificity of the signals
on demand vs. premade signal
signal made after bidning to receptor vs vesicle with stored signal
Reduction of signal availability (decreased concentration of first messenger) in the—— vicinity of the receptor is — and —- under certain conditions.
Reduction of signal availability (decreased concentration of first messenger) in the extracellular vicinity of the receptor is fast and effective under certain conditions.
Turn off capability
reduction of the functional availability of receptors
Receptor desensitization
2 ways to Receptor desensitization
Receptor inactivation through structural modification
Receptor down-regulation (internalization and degradation)
down regulation of receptor
1 ligand sent to endosome and degrades, receptor recycled
receptor internalization
2 Ligand receptor send to endosome then lysosome and degraded. receptor degradation
Direct physical contact between sender and target cells Juxtacrine
endocrine
paracrine
synaptic
juxtacrine
gap junction and surface receptor int.
ex of Juxtacrine
have low ; high binding affinity
with short RaNGE
paracrine and autocrine
endocrne and synaptic
low binding affinity
tf endocrine has short range and synaptic has long range
F
end. has long range
synaptic has short range
target is neighbor cells vs distant cells
paracrine ; endocrine
adjacent cells vs same cell target
juxtcrine vs autocrine
gf and cytokines
ex of paracccrine and autocrine signals
rapid on/off ; very rapid on; off
paracrine and autocrine
tf autocrine has slow on/off responce
F rapid
endocrine is slow
receptor inact
structure inact
turn off capability
1;6
connexon; connexin
connexin
4 transmembrane domains , 3 cysteines/loop,and 2 extracellular loops
purpose of loop in 1 connexin
aid in connexon-connexon docking
Specialized cells in glandular tissues
endocrine sender cells
cells in various tissues
snedor in autocrine paracrine
sender; cells in most body tissue
juxtacrine
