CT1 Flashcards
TF CT has only structural role
F its dynamic and Biologically interactive function
Connective tissue was critical to the evolution of ——– organisms.
Connective tissue was critical to the evolution of multicellular organisms.
❂ Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the material outside of the cells and —– and ——borders.
❂ Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the material outside of the cells and epithelial and endothelial borders.
CT
cells plus the ECM
TF The ECM is an extension of the cell and participates PassivELY in cell function.
The ECM is an extension of the cell and participates ACTIVELY in cell function.
CT
Stabilize the physical structure of tissues
protein PG GP
CT
major protein of CT
elastin
Allowed emergence of efficient circulatory and respiratory systems
elastin
order the following Translation Transcription (tropoelastin and microfibril components) Fiber formation Secretion
Transcription (tropoelastin and microfibril components) Translation Secretion Fiber formation
igf1 , tgf beta
ELN increased
TNFα (bFGF) HB-EGF
Decrease ELN transcription
The product of the ELN gene is
The product of the ELN gene is tropoelastin
Tropoelastin
Tropoelastin is secreted into the ECM.
Cross-linking renders the elastin fiber highly insoluble.—–
Cross-linking renders the elastin fiber highly insoluble.
crosslinking of Tropoelastin
elastin fiber
ECM;
tropelastin + microfibrils
tf tropoelastin nevr binds to microfibrils
F they bind
lysyl oxidase
mediates cross linking
tf elastin molecules can expand and contract
T
TF Treatment with NaOH at high temperature solubilizes virtually all proteins and the insoluble elastin.
Treatment with NaOH at high temperature solubilizes virtually all proteins, but not the insoluble elastin.
Tf In vitro, there are enzymes known as elastases that can cleave the elastin fiber.
In vivo, there are enzymes known as elastases that can cleave the elastin fiber.
cutis laxa
elastin mut–> skin laxity
narrow aorta , heart failure
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
rupture of aorta
Aortic aneurysm (ellastin problem)
lesions from plaque rupture leads to heart attack and stroke
Atherosclerosis (ellastin problem)
heart defect dental defect varying degrees of cognition issues
Williams syndrome
william syndrome
hypersociable and face morphology
chromosome 7 deletion and elastin deletion
william syndrome
after simulation of orthodontic force; Expression of tropoelastin in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
increased significantly
Niccolò Paganini Bradford Cox
Marfan’s Syndrome (Fibrillin Mutations)
hypermobility and heart issus
Niccolò Paganini Bradford Cox
Cardiovascular ❂ Ocular
Marfans’ syndrome
Skeletal ❂ Bone overgrowth ❂ Joint laxity
Marfan’s syndrome
Periodontal disease
Marfan’s syndrome
mutation fibrillin in Marfan’s disease
cant hold tgf beta
matrix metaloprotein release
lead to tissue degradation –> CV problem and periodontitis
Form a highly hydrated, gel-like ground substance
PG
tf PG are homogenious
F
have other substances embedded in it like bfgf
PG
carb rich
polyanion and bind water
PG
has low amt of protein in it (5%)
PG
Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis
PG ass disease
hyper extensible skin and joints
fragile BV
ehlers danlos
Ostero arthritis
lower bone mass(loss of PG components)
deg joint disease
Osteoarthritis
corneal disease
disfunction of PG
tooth development •
dentin formation and mineralization •
adhesion and fusion of the palatal shelves
PG in oral cavity
Proteoglycan-associated sugars
chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate
(chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate
expressd in PDL in responce to orthodontic force
periodontal regeneration.
Decorin (up-regulated)
Biglycan (down-regulated
types of PG
Delivery of perlecan (heparan sulfate) may serve as a potential adjunct to stimulate — ——-
Delivery of perlecan (heparan sulfate) may serve as a potential adjunct to stimulate bone-regeneration.
Delivery of perlecan (heparan sulfate) may trigger
tumorigenesis
promoting cell adhesion,
and angiogenesis
Perlican
proliferation, differentiation
perlican(PG)
angiogenesis
PG
Proteins + glycosaminoglycan
Proteins + glycosaminoglycans = proteoglycans
tf Proteins + glycosaminoglycans are non covalently linked
F covalently linked
glucosamine or galactosamine
conatined in GAG(at least 1)
At least one of the sugars in the disaccharide of GAG is ——-
charged
At least one of the sugars in the disaccharide is negatively charged
Negatively charged groups are either —– or —— groups
Negatively charged groups are either carboxylate or sulfate groups
Disaccharide repeating units
GAGs
where on sugar is amine groups and acetyl groups added
Hyaluronic acid is a —— of alternating units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine.
Hyaluronic acid is a heteropolymer of alternating units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine.
Only GAG found free i.e. not covalently linked to a protein core.
Hyaluronic acid
carboxylated in Hyaluronan GAG
glucoronic acid
iduronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine 4 sulfate
carboxylate and sulffates
iduronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine
dermatan sulfate GAG
heparin sulfate
3 types of domains
sulfated domain
sulfated/acetylated domain
acetylated domain
long or short
hydration varies
GAG
Gag bind to core protein in PG through
tetrasaccharide
o linked sugard
core protein to tetrasccharide
PG
1 core many gags
tetrasach. linkage allows
SEr to be covalently linked to xylose(of link tetra sacc)
TF PG doesnt show variation with size
F 11KDa ro 220 KDa
acan
encodes aggrecan
middle of agrecan
linker protein of aggrecan
links core protein to hyaluronic acid
linker protein
non cov linkage
GAGs to core protein
Covalent linkage
