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Pharmacology > Side Effects > Flashcards

Side Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Why Na/I symporters are not used ?

A

Toxic and less preferred

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2
Q

Side effect of Propylthiouracil

A

Hepatoxicity

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3
Q

Side effect of Carbimazole which is prog drug of methimazole

A

Teratogenic
Cholestatic Jaundice

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4
Q

Which teratogenic disease are caused by Carbimazole

A

Cutis Aplasia (scalp skin)
Choanal or esophageal atresia

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5
Q

What are sideeffects of thioamide drugs

A

Skin: Maculopapular Rash
Blood: Agranulocytosis
Joints: Arthralgia

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6
Q

Side effects of Iodides

A

Headache
Dysgeusia
Rash
Lymphadenopathy

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7
Q

What worsens when I 131 is given in Recurrent Graves and what should be given to prevent

A

Ocular Symptoms
Steroids

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8
Q

Radioactive iodines side effects

A

Hypothyroidism
Radiation Thyroditis
Secondary Cancers

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9
Q

What are side effects of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

Flatulence
Osmotic Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping

(Due to undigested carbohydrates degradation by bacteria in intestine)

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10
Q

GLP 1 analogues

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Weight loss
(Delay gastric emptying)

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11
Q

Gliptins
And specific
Saxa and Alo
Vilda

A

Itis
(increased risk of infections as its structure similar to CD 26 leads to decreasee lymphocytes activity)
Hypersensitivity reaction: Steven Johnson Syndrome
Angioedema

Pancreatitis
Nasopharyngitis

Pain
Severe disbabling joint pain

DM
Type 1
Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Saxa and Alo:CHF
Vilda: Hepatitis

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12
Q

Pramlinitide

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Weight loss

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13
Q

Insulin
Why? And if can then how to correct?
(5)

A

Hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dl)
Signs and symptoms (<55 mg/dl)
Correct:
Unconsious: IV dextrose
Consious: candy, glucose tablets or fruit juice)
Otherwise Glucagon IM or IN

Hypokalemia
(Moves both K and Glu into cells)

Edema and Allergy

Lipodystrophy
Lipohypertrophy
(Keep rotating or changing site of injection by 1 inch)

Somogyi effect
(Rebound hyperglycemia due to hypoglycemic episodes lead to increase cortisol and adrenaline)
Correct: dose of insulin at bedtime or change time of dosing

Dawn phenomenon
(Inadequate insulin in morning leading to hyperglycemia in early hours)
Correct: Increase bed time insulin for normoglycemia thoroughout night and early hours of morning

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14
Q

SulfonylUreas and Glinides

A

Hypoglycemia>
Weight gain>
Hyperinsulinemia only 1

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15
Q

1st generation specific

A

Tolbutamide: Hepatotoxic
Chlorpropamide: SIADH followed hy dilutional hyponatremia
Cholestatic jaundice
Disulfiram like reaction

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16
Q

Guanides basically metformin
Correct:

A

GIT: Nand V, diarrhea
(Titrating the dose slowly and with meals)

Calcium dependent Vitamin B12 absorption decreased
Especially in anemia or peripheral neuropathy
(Supplements)

Lactic Acidosis due to interefernce in aerobic glycolysis in mitochondria

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17
Q

Pioglitazones (thiazolidinedones)
(5)

A

Macular edema
Water and sodium retention due to stimulation of ENAC channels
Weight gain and CHF

Osteoporosis in female due to ostopenia

Hepatotoxicty

Bladder cancer

18
Q

What are common for SGLT2 Inhibitors

A

Dehydration
Water and Sodium loss: Low BP
Urinary tract/Genital infections like Candida

19
Q

What are rare for SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fourniers gangrene
Urosepsis

20
Q

Growth hormone

A

S/E
1. PAIN
Arthralgia
myalgia
Injection site

  1. General
    Nausea
    Edema
  2. Risk increase
    Leukemia
    DM
    Papilledema (ICT increase)

4.Blood: hyperglycemia

(antag. to insulin)

21
Q

Somatostatin
1- General:
2. Thyroid:
3. GALL-bladder:

A

1.Nausea Diarrhea Vomiting Steatorrhea Flatulence

2.Hypo (↓ TSH)

3.Stone (decrease flow of bile)
↳ Stasis & formation of cholesterol stones

22
Q

Gonadotropins

A

OVARY: ENLARGEMENT
OVARIAN hyperstimulation syndrome

  1. BIRTH: multiple
23
Q

Docusates

A

Cramps and abdominal pain can occur. It is bitter liquid preparations may cause nausea.
Hepatotoxicity

24
Q

Liquid Paraffin

A

Disadvantages

(a) It is bland but very unpleasant to swallow because of oily consistency.

(b) Small amount passes into the intestinal mucosa-is carried into the lymph may produce foreign body granulomas in the intestinal submucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen.

(c) While swallowing it may trickle into lungs-cause lipid pneumonia.

(d) Carries away fat soluble vitamins with it into the stools: deficiency may occur on chronic use. (

e) Leakage of the oil past anal sphincter may embarrass.

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(f) May interfere with healing in the anorectal region
Thus, it should be used only occasionally.

25
Q

STIMULANT PURGATIVES

A

Larger doses of stimulant purgatives can
cause excess purgation resulting in fluid and
electrolyte imbalance.
Hypokalaemia can occur
on regular intake.

Routine and long-term use
must be discouraged, because it can produce
colonic atony

26
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Morphological alterations in the colonic mucosa have been observed; the
mucosa becomes more leaky. The suppository
may cause rectal inflammation.
Allergic reactions—skin rashes, fixed drug
eruption and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have
been reported

27
Q

Senna

A

Skin rashes, fixed drug eruption are the
occasional adverse effects.
Regular use for 4–12 months causes colonic
atony and mucosal pigmentation (melanosis).

28
Q

Castor oil

A

Pregnant patients should avoid castor oil because it may stimulate uterine contractions. Use of castor oil is generally not recommended due to poor palatability and potential for Gl adverse effects.

29
Q

Prucalopride

A

Side effects are headache, dizziness, fatigue, abdominal pain
and diarrhoea, which generally subside during use.

30
Q

Lubiprostone

A

The most
common side effect is nausea; others are dyspepsia and
diarrhoea.

31
Q

Lactitol

A

Side effects are distention, flatulence, cramps, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting.

32
Q

Drawbacks of purgative abuse are

A
  1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, especially hypokalaemia. 2. Steatorrhoea, malabsorption syndrome. 3. Protein losing enteropathy. 4. Spastic colitis.
33
Q

Mineral Oil

A

Long-term use is accompanied by concerns about lipid pneumonia, lymphoid hyperplasia, and foreign body reactions

34
Q

Neuroleptics

A

Most of these drugs produce significant
degree of sedation. Hypotension may also occur,
especially on parenteral administration. Acute
muscle dystonia may occur after a single dose,
especially in children and girls

35
Q

Domperidone

A

Dry
mouth, loose stools, headache, rashes, galactor-
rhoea are generally mild. Cardiac arrhythmias
have developed on rapid i.v. injection.

36
Q

Metoclorpramide

A

Sedation, dizziness, loose stools, muscle dystonias (especially in children) are the main side effects. Long-term use can cause parkinsonism, galactorrhoea and gynaecomastia, but it should not be used to augment lactation. No harmful effects are known when used during pregnancy.
Though the amount secreted in milk is small,
but suckling infant may develop loose motions,
dystonia, myoclonus.

37
Q

At high concentrations, cisapride blocks delayed rectifying
K+
channels in heart—prolongs Q-Tc interval and predisposes
to

A

Cisapride

38
Q

Dronabinol

A

The hallucinogenic, disorienting and
other central sympathomimetic effects (described on p.
480) are produced, and some subjects may experience a
‘high’, which may lead to addiction. The CNS actions limit
the use of dronabinol to few nonresponsive patients.

39
Q

Erythropoietin analogues

A

Hypertension

Iron deficiency.

Thrombosis.

Pure red cell aplasia.

Flu like symptoms.

40
Q

Filgrastim derivatives

A

bone pain.

41
Q

GM-CSF (Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) analogues: Sargramostim

A

capillary leak syndrome

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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