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Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is dosing schedule for carbimazole

A

OD (half life: 6 hours)

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2
Q

PK of Levothyroxine
Route
Bioavailablity

A

Oral and empty stomach
Bioavailiblity: 80%

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3
Q

PK of T3/Leothyronine
Route:
Bioavailablity:

A

Route:Oral/IV
Bioavailablity:100%

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4
Q

PK of Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Route
Frequency
How to take
Metabolism
Absorption
Specific

A

Oral
TDS
First bite of meal
Adjuvant to diet
Metabolism
Acarbose: intestinal bacteria metabolism (colon)
Miglitol and Voglibose:
Both no metabolites
Absorption
Miglitol: Well-absorption

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5
Q

PK of GLP 1 analogues
Route
Specfic frequency

A

Route: S/C
Exenatide: BD
Lixisenatide: OD

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6
Q

PK of gliptins
Route
Elimination
M/I
Metabolism
D/I

A

Route: Oral
Elimination
Renal
Alo, Sita, Saxa
M/I dose adjusment in Renal dysfunction

Entero-Hepatic
Lina

Metabolism
CYP450 3A4
Inducers:Rifampicin
Inhibitors: Ketoconazole, Diltiazem

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7
Q

Pramlinitide
Route
Duration of Action
Syringe
Why?

A

Subcutaneous
2-3 hours
Different syringe than INSULIN
If same: reduce INSULIN by 50%
(Increased risk of hypoglycemia)

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8
Q

PK of Shortest and Fastest acting Insulin: Afrezza
Route:
Catridge:
When:

A

Inhalational
Colour coded
Blue: 4 units
Green: 8 units
Yellow: 12 units
Before meal

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9
Q

PK of short but fast acting Insulin:
Lispro
Glulisine
Aspart
Effect time:
When:
Route:

A

15 minute
15-20 minutes before or after a meal
IV

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10
Q

PK of Short but slow acting insulin: Regular insulin
Effect time:
Route:
When:

A

45 minutes to 1 hour
S/C
30 minutes to 1 hour before meal

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11
Q

PK of intermediate acting insulin: Neutral Protamine Hagedorn
Lente Insulin
Route:

A

S/C

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12
Q

PK of long acting Insulin:
Detemir
Glargine
Degludec

Why long-acting?
Route:

Which is longest acting?

A

Saturated fatty acid-> ^^ PPB
Acidic pH form crystals or precipitate which break downs slowly
Hexadecanoic acid which form hexamers with tissue and slowly release as monomers

S/C

Degludec

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13
Q

Which insulin the site of injection doesn’t affect absorption rate

A

Glargine

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14
Q

When to use this route of insulin adminstartion ?
(5) hospital settings

A

Subcutaneous: for ease and convinence for patients
Syringes pumps and pens

I/V: in hospital settings in emergency treatement requiring close monitoring of blood glucose levels such as in

Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Severe hyperkalemia
Beta-blocker toxicity
Calcium-channel blocker toxicity

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15
Q

Site of insulin S/C to not be used jn abdomen

A

Peri umblical region

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16
Q

Method to mix insulin injection

A

Mixed in different syringes

In one syringe (only a insulin): first load regular and then load NPH

(As it might contaminate regular vial and confuse with NPH)

Continuous subcutaneous infusion for regular insulin

17
Q

Storage of open vial and new vial

A

Opened vial: store in fridge up to 1 month (do not store in freezer).

New vial: store in a cool dark place till expiry. 28 days
2-8 degree celsius refrigerator middle shelf

18
Q

PK of insulin releasing OHA
Specific
1st generation feature
Route
Action
Excretion

A

SU:
Tolubtamide: Zero order
Low potency
Oral
Longer acting and more insulin release
Urine and Faeces
Glinides:
Oral
Shorter acting and less insulin release
Bile

19
Q

SGLT2 Inhibitors
Route
Dosage schedule
FDC

A

Oral
OD morning before first meal
With metformin or DPP4 inhibitors

20
Q

Growth Hormone/IGF-1
Route
1/2 life

A

PK
Route: IM OR SC

HALF life: 25min : short

IGF-1:20hrs: long (1PPB)

21
Q

Somatostatin Analogues
PK
1/2 life feature:
Route:
Frequency:
Specific

A

Long
Depot formulations
Once a month
IV for acute variceal bleeding

22
Q

Gonadotropins
1-route:

  1. Duration
  2. dose
A

subcutaneous/IM

5-12 days. hMG
Subsquently : HCG->Ovulation

75-15O IU

23
Q

Psyllium

A

Psyllium can reduce the absorption of other oral drugs and administration of other agents should be separated from psyllium by at least 2 hours.

24
Q

Bisacodyl form

A

Suppositories and enteric coated tablets

25
Q

Mineral Oil: why Rectal adminstration?

A

Mineral oil usage should probably be limited to rectal administra- tion because of the risk of aspiration pneumonia

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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