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Pharmacology > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

which Diuretics have a side effect of metabolic acidosis ?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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2
Q

Which diuretic is used in metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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3
Q

Which diuretic causes calcium salt precipitation or nephrolithiasis

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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4
Q

Which diuretic is used to prevent cysteine stones in cystinuria

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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5
Q

Which diuretic can cause somnolence due to increased CO2 in neurons as it release more inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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6
Q

Which diuretic is used in catamenial epilepsy

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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7
Q

which diuretic causes side effect of hyperammonemia which is the reason for contraindication in liver cirrhosis as it increase risk of hepatic encephalopathy and hepatic coma

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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8
Q

Which diuretic is used in obstructive sleep apnea

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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8
Q

Which diuretic is the drug of choice whic is used in hypokalemic periodic paralysis?

A

Methanamide

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9
Q

Which diuretic is used in acute congestive glaucoma ?

A

Acetazolamide

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10
Q

Which diuretics is used by topical mean as eye drops for open angle glaucoma?

A

Brinzolamide
Dorzolamide

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11
Q

Which diuretic is used orally for acute mountain sickness

A

Acetazolamide

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12
Q

Which diuretic is used in idiopathic cranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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13
Q

Which diuretic is used to prevent CSF leak ?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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14
Q

Which diuretic is used in dural ectasia seen in congenital disorders like Marfan’s syndrome?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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15
Q

Which diuretic is used in raised CSF pressure headache?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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16
Q

Which diuretic has the side effect of hypersensitivity which occurs in the form of rash and bone marrow suppression ?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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17
Q

Which type of diuretics have weak
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory effect ?

A

Loop diuretic and Thiazide diuretic

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18
Q

Which diuretics don’t have weak
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory effect?

A

Bumetanide: Loop diuretics
Indapamide: Thiazide diuretics

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19
Q

Which type of diuretics have most marked kaliuresis compared to other diuretics

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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20
Q

Which diuretic is used to alkalinse urine for urinary tract infection

A

Acetazolamide

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21
Q

Which diuretic is used as an adjuvant in absence seizures when primary drugs are not fully effective

A

Acetazolamide

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22
Q

Which type of diuretics are high ceiling?

A

Loop Diuretics

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23
Q

Which diuretic is drug of choice for pulmonary edema

A

Loop Diuretics

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24
Q

Which diuretic is drug of choice in cerebral edma

A

Mannitol

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25
Q

Which type of diuretic can be used for edema of nephrotic syndrome, CKD and liver cirrhosis

A

Loop Diuretics

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26
Q

Which diuretic is used in hypertensive emergencies?

A

Furosemide

27
Q

Which diuretic causes indirect vasodilation leading to decreased preload as it increase prostaglandins release?

A

Loop Diuretics

28
Q

Which effects occur first when a loop diuretic is administered for pulmonary edema?

A

Vasodilation

29
Q

Which drug can inhibit prostaglandin release causing decreased effect of loop diuretics ?

A

NSAIDs

30
Q

Which type of diuretics can worsen gout due to hyperuricemia?

A

Loop Diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics

31
Q

Which diuretic can be used in hypercalcemia of malignancy?

A

Loop Diuretics

32
Q

Which diuretic is effective even when GFR is less than 40

A

Metolazone

33
Q

Which type of diuretic causes direct vasodilation and used in hypertension and is first line drugs for the same

A

Thiazide Diuretics

34
Q

Which diuretic is drug of choice for hypertension with osteoporosis due to it’s hypercalcemic effect

A

Thiazide diuretics

35
Q

Which diuretic is used in treatment of hypercalciuric renal stones?

A

Thiazide diuretics

36
Q

Which is the shortest acting thiazide diuretic

A

Chlorothiazide

37
Q

Which thiazide diuretic is the longest acting?

A

Chlorthalidone

38
Q

Which thiazide is drug of choice in hypertension

A

Chlorthalidone

39
Q

Which diuretic is poor diuretic as it is primarily excreted by liver and is effective in hypertension but not in edema

A

Indapamide

40
Q

Which diuretic is good diuretic and effect in patients with less than 40 GFR and used primarily in edema and secondarily in hypertension

A

Metolazone

41
Q

Which thiazide diuretics have 100% bioavailability?

A

Bendroflumethiazide
Polythiazide

42
Q

Which diuretic is used in edema caused by left ventricular failure

A

Loop Diuretic

43
Q

Which type of diuretics are used in Bromide and Iodide poisoning as the same transporter in thick ascending loop of henle is used in absorption of halides and similarly for Na+ Cl- co-transporter?

A

Loop Diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics

44
Q

Which diuretic is used in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus as it is acts on DCT where the urine is diluted but due to blockage it will be concentrated urine so plasma osmolarity will decrease or basically we are causing equivalent loss in solutes as water so that thirst receptor will not be activated leading to less urine formation?

A

Thiazide Diuretics

45
Q

Which diuretic is preferred for oral use in severe CHF because it’s oral absorption is relatively unaffected by edema of the bowels

A

Bumetanide

46
Q

In an acute renal failure, which type of diuretic may decrease the need for dialysis

A

Loop diuretics

47
Q

Which type of diuretics are preferred only in hypertension caused by Renal insufficiency, heart failure or in resistant cases and in hypertensive emergencies otherwise thiazides are preffered

A

Loop diuretics

48
Q

Which diuretic might be infused along with blood transfusion to prevent volume overload in severely anemic patients

A

Furosemide

49
Q

Which diuretic infused with hypertonic saline be helpful in hyponatremia

A

Furosemide

50
Q

Which drug is used as an add on drug along with furosemide to produce diuresis in patients with low GFR

A

Metolazone

51
Q

Which drug is a preferred diuretic in cirrhotic and nephritic edema in which aldosterone levels are generally high

A

Spironolactone

52
Q

Which diuretic Breaks resistance to thiazide or loop diuretic that develops due to secondary hyperaldosternism

A

Spironolactone

53
Q

Which diuretic is used in Refractory edema

A

Spironolactone

54
Q

Which diuretic is used to prevent thiazide-induced hypokalemia

A

Spironolactone

55
Q

Which diuretic has lower affinity for androgen and progesterone receptors so less likely to cause sexual dysfunction which makes it suitable for long term use in hypertension and CHF

A

Eplerenone

56
Q

Which type of diuretics are used to supplement high ceiling diuretic and prevent hypokalemia

A

Potassium sparing diuretics

57
Q

Which type of diuretics should be avoided in patients with K+ supplements or ACE inhibitors, Beta-Blockers or NSAIDs?

A

Potassium sparing diuretics

58
Q

Which diuretic is used in angle closure glaucoma?

A

Mannitol

59
Q

Which diuretic is used in incipient renal failure as it increases RBF?

A

Mannitol

60
Q

Which diuretic is used in cerebral edema but contraindicated in acute cerebral hemorrhage

A

Mannitol

61
Q

Which drug is drug of choice for acute variceal bleeding

A

Terlipressin

62
Q

Which is treatment of choice for acute variceal bleeding

A

Endoscopic band ligation

63
Q

Which drug is drug of choice for nocturnal enuresis

A

Desmopressin

64
Q

Which drug is drug of choice for Von Willebrand disease as it releases VW factor and factor VII by acting on endothelium

A

Desmopressin

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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