Renal System Flashcards
which Diuretics have a side effect of metabolic acidosis ?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is used in metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic causes calcium salt precipitation or nephrolithiasis
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is used to prevent cysteine stones in cystinuria
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic can cause somnolence due to increased CO2 in neurons as it release more inhibitory neurotransmitters
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is used in catamenial epilepsy
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
which diuretic causes side effect of hyperammonemia which is the reason for contraindication in liver cirrhosis as it increase risk of hepatic encephalopathy and hepatic coma
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is used in obstructive sleep apnea
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is the drug of choice whic is used in hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
Methanamide
Which diuretic is used in acute congestive glaucoma ?
Acetazolamide
Which diuretics is used by topical mean as eye drops for open angle glaucoma?
Brinzolamide
Dorzolamide
Which diuretic is used orally for acute mountain sickness
Acetazolamide
Which diuretic is used in idiopathic cranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is used to prevent CSF leak ?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is used in dural ectasia seen in congenital disorders like Marfan’s syndrome?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is used in raised CSF pressure headache?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic has the side effect of hypersensitivity which occurs in the form of rash and bone marrow suppression ?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which type of diuretics have weak
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory effect ?
Loop diuretic and Thiazide diuretic
Which diuretics don’t have weak
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory effect?
Bumetanide: Loop diuretics
Indapamide: Thiazide diuretics
Which type of diuretics have most marked kaliuresis compared to other diuretics
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which diuretic is used to alkalinse urine for urinary tract infection
Acetazolamide
Which diuretic is used as an adjuvant in absence seizures when primary drugs are not fully effective
Acetazolamide
Which type of diuretics are high ceiling?
Loop Diuretics
Which diuretic is drug of choice for pulmonary edema
Loop Diuretics
Which diuretic is drug of choice in cerebral edma
Mannitol
Which type of diuretic can be used for edema of nephrotic syndrome, CKD and liver cirrhosis
Loop Diuretics
Which diuretic is used in hypertensive emergencies?
Furosemide
Which diuretic causes indirect vasodilation leading to decreased preload as it increase prostaglandins release?
Loop Diuretics
Which effects occur first when a loop diuretic is administered for pulmonary edema?
Vasodilation
Which drug can inhibit prostaglandin release causing decreased effect of loop diuretics ?
NSAIDs
Which type of diuretics can worsen gout due to hyperuricemia?
Loop Diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics
Which diuretic can be used in hypercalcemia of malignancy?
Loop Diuretics
Which diuretic is effective even when GFR is less than 40
Metolazone
Which type of diuretic causes direct vasodilation and used in hypertension and is first line drugs for the same
Thiazide Diuretics
Which diuretic is drug of choice for hypertension with osteoporosis due to it’s hypercalcemic effect
Thiazide diuretics
Which diuretic is used in treatment of hypercalciuric renal stones?
Thiazide diuretics
Which is the shortest acting thiazide diuretic
Chlorothiazide
Which thiazide diuretic is the longest acting?
Chlorthalidone
Which thiazide is drug of choice in hypertension
Chlorthalidone
Which diuretic is poor diuretic as it is primarily excreted by liver and is effective in hypertension but not in edema
Indapamide
Which diuretic is good diuretic and effect in patients with less than 40 GFR and used primarily in edema and secondarily in hypertension
Metolazone
Which thiazide diuretics have 100% bioavailability?
Bendroflumethiazide
Polythiazide
Which diuretic is used in edema caused by left ventricular failure
Loop Diuretic
Which type of diuretics are used in Bromide and Iodide poisoning as the same transporter in thick ascending loop of henle is used in absorption of halides and similarly for Na+ Cl- co-transporter?
Loop Diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics
Which diuretic is used in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus as it is acts on DCT where the urine is diluted but due to blockage it will be concentrated urine so plasma osmolarity will decrease or basically we are causing equivalent loss in solutes as water so that thirst receptor will not be activated leading to less urine formation?
Thiazide Diuretics
Which diuretic is preferred for oral use in severe CHF because it’s oral absorption is relatively unaffected by edema of the bowels
Bumetanide
In an acute renal failure, which type of diuretic may decrease the need for dialysis
Loop diuretics
Which type of diuretics are preferred only in hypertension caused by Renal insufficiency, heart failure or in resistant cases and in hypertensive emergencies otherwise thiazides are preffered
Loop diuretics
Which diuretic might be infused along with blood transfusion to prevent volume overload in severely anemic patients
Furosemide
Which diuretic infused with hypertonic saline be helpful in hyponatremia
Furosemide
Which drug is used as an add on drug along with furosemide to produce diuresis in patients with low GFR
Metolazone
Which drug is a preferred diuretic in cirrhotic and nephritic edema in which aldosterone levels are generally high
Spironolactone
Which diuretic Breaks resistance to thiazide or loop diuretic that develops due to secondary hyperaldosternism
Spironolactone
Which diuretic is used in Refractory edema
Spironolactone
Which diuretic is used to prevent thiazide-induced hypokalemia
Spironolactone
Which diuretic has lower affinity for androgen and progesterone receptors so less likely to cause sexual dysfunction which makes it suitable for long term use in hypertension and CHF
Eplerenone
Which type of diuretics are used to supplement high ceiling diuretic and prevent hypokalemia
Potassium sparing diuretics
Which type of diuretics should be avoided in patients with K+ supplements or ACE inhibitors, Beta-Blockers or NSAIDs?
Potassium sparing diuretics
Which diuretic is used in angle closure glaucoma?
Mannitol
Which diuretic is used in incipient renal failure as it increases RBF?
Mannitol
Which diuretic is used in cerebral edema but contraindicated in acute cerebral hemorrhage
Mannitol
Which drug is drug of choice for acute variceal bleeding
Terlipressin
Which is treatment of choice for acute variceal bleeding
Endoscopic band ligation
Which drug is drug of choice for nocturnal enuresis
Desmopressin
Which drug is drug of choice for Von Willebrand disease as it releases VW factor and factor VII by acting on endothelium
Desmopressin
