shoulder + elbow

Question 1

what bones and muscles make up the shoulder joint

Answer 1

head of humerus, clavicle, scapula // deltoid + rotator cuff

Question 2

who usually suffers shoulder instability

Answer 2

young, sporty, women

Question 3

which type of shoulder dislocation usually causes future instability

Answer 3

traumatic anterior dislocation

Question 4

what direction of shoulder dislocation is most common

Answer 4

anterior

Question 5

what type of reduction is done for shoulder dislocation

Answer 5

if

Question 6

mx shoulder instability

Answer 6

physio // surgical bankart repair (attach labrum and capsule)

Question 7

what is impingement syndrome + which muscle is usually affected

Answer 7

supraspinatus tendonitis from being caught under acromial (edge of scapula) head

Question 8

causes impingement syndrome

Answer 8

rotator cuff injury, bursitis, osteophyte

Question 9

symptoms impingment syndrome

Answer 9

painful arc on abduction // tenderness on lateral edge of acromion

Question 10

what test can be done o/e for impingement

Answer 10

hawkins kennedy (internally rotate flexed shoulder)

Question 11

mx impingement

Answer 11

physio, analgesia, steroid injection // decompression surgery, arthroplasty

Question 12

who usually gets rotator cuff tears and from what injury

Answer 12

50-60, sudden jerks eg bus stops

Question 13

symptoms rotator cuff injury

Answer 13

painful abduction (earlier in abduction than impingement)

Question 14

which muscle is usually affected in rotator cuff tears

Answer 14

supraspinatus (pain on abduction)

Question 15

invx rotator cuff tear

Answer 15

USS !! or MRI if worried

Question 16

who usually gets frozen shoulder

Answer 16

middle ages women, diabetics, hyperlipidaemia

Question 17

symptoms frozen shoulder

Answer 17

pain and stiff movements // loss of external rotation!!!

Question 18

mx frozen shoudler

Answer 18

time // physio // MUA

Question 19

what is acute calcific tendonitis

Answer 19

calcium deposits in supraspinitus –> v painful acute onset shoulder pain

Question 20

invx + mx acute calcific tendonitis

Answer 20

X ray // steroid injection (self limiting)

Question 21

which shoulder joint is more affected by arthritis

Answer 21

acriomioclavicular > glenohumeral

Question 22

what are the joints of the elbow

Answer 22

humero ulnar + radiocapitallar (radiohumeral)

Question 23

where does the long and short head and distal tendon of the biceps attach

Answer 23

long = glenoid // short = coracoid // distal = radial tuberisity

Question 24

which tendon is most frequently torn in biceps rupture

Answer 24

long tendon (proximal)

Question 25

RF bicep rupture

Answer 25

heavy lifting, shoulder overuse, smoking, steroids

Question 26

symptoms biceps rupture

Answer 26

sudden pop at shoulder or elbow, pain, brusing, swelling // popeye deformity // weakness // biceps squeeze test

Question 27

invx biceps rupture

Answer 27

USS // MRI if suspected distal tear

Question 28

what is lateral epicondylitis known as

Answer 28

tennis elbow

Question 29

symptoms + age lateral epicondylitis

Answer 29

45-55 // pain on lateral epicondyle // worse on wrist extension or suppination against resistance with extended elbow

Question 30

mx lateral epicondylitis

Answer 30

rest, physio, NSAIDs, steroid injection

Question 31

what is medial epicondlyitis known as

Answer 31

golfers elbow

Question 32

symptoms medical epicondlyitis

Answer 32

aggravated by wrist flexion and pronation

Question 33

why is steroid injection for medial epincondylitis risky

Answer 33

ulnar nerve

Question 34

which surgery is preffered for OA of the elbow

Answer 34

Radio-humeral > Ulnar-humeral

Question 35

what age group is subluxation of the radial head most common in

Answer 35

under 6

Question 36

symptoms subluxation of the radial head (pulled elbow)

Answer 36

elbow pain, limited suppination and extension

Question 37

mx subluxation of the radial head (pulled elbow)

Answer 37

passively supinate elbow joint whilst elbow is flexed at 90