shoulder + elbow Flashcards
what bones and muscles make up the shoulder joint
head of humerus, clavicle, scapula // deltoid + rotator cuff
who usually suffers shoulder instability
young, sporty, women
which type of shoulder dislocation usually causes future instability
traumatic anterior dislocation
what direction of shoulder dislocation is most common
anterior
what type of reduction is done for shoulder dislocation
if
mx shoulder instability
physio // surgical bankart repair (attach labrum and capsule)
what is impingement syndrome + which muscle is usually affected
supraspinatus tendonitis from being caught under acromial (edge of scapula) head
causes impingement syndrome
rotator cuff injury, bursitis, osteophyte
symptoms impingment syndrome
painful arc on abduction // tenderness on lateral edge of acromion
what test can be done o/e for impingement
hawkins kennedy (internally rotate flexed shoulder)
mx impingement
physio, analgesia, steroid injection // decompression surgery, arthroplasty
who usually gets rotator cuff tears and from what injury
50-60, sudden jerks eg bus stops
symptoms rotator cuff injury
painful abduction (earlier in abduction than impingement)
which muscle is usually affected in rotator cuff tears
supraspinatus (pain on abduction)
invx rotator cuff tear
USS !! or MRI if worried
who usually gets frozen shoulder
middle ages women, diabetics, hyperlipidaemia
symptoms frozen shoulder
pain and stiff movements // loss of external rotation!!!
mx frozen shoudler
time // physio // MUA
what is acute calcific tendonitis
calcium deposits in supraspinitus –> v painful acute onset shoulder pain
invx + mx acute calcific tendonitis
X ray // steroid injection (self limiting)
which shoulder joint is more affected by arthritis
acriomioclavicular > glenohumeral
what are the joints of the elbow
humero ulnar + radiocapitallar (radiohumeral)
where does the long and short head and distal tendon of the biceps attach
long = glenoid // short = coracoid // distal = radial tuberisity
which tendon is most frequently torn in biceps rupture
long tendon (proximal)
RF bicep rupture
heavy lifting, shoulder overuse, smoking, steroids
symptoms biceps rupture
sudden pop at shoulder or elbow, pain, brusing, swelling // popeye deformity // weakness // biceps squeeze test
invx biceps rupture
USS // MRI if suspected distal tear
what is lateral epicondylitis known as
tennis elbow
symptoms + age lateral epicondylitis
45-55 // pain on lateral epicondyle // worse on wrist extension or suppination against resistance with extended elbow
mx lateral epicondylitis
rest, physio, NSAIDs, steroid injection
what is medial epicondlyitis known as
golfers elbow
symptoms medical epicondlyitis
aggravated by wrist flexion and pronation
why is steroid injection for medial epincondylitis risky
ulnar nerve
which surgery is preffered for OA of the elbow
Radio-humeral > Ulnar-humeral
what age group is subluxation of the radial head most common in
under 6
symptoms subluxation of the radial head (pulled elbow)
elbow pain, limited suppination and extension
mx subluxation of the radial head (pulled elbow)
passively supinate elbow joint whilst elbow is flexed at 90
