shoulder + elbow Flashcards

1
Q

what bones and muscles make up the shoulder joint

A

head of humerus, clavicle, scapula // deltoid + rotator cuff

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2
Q

who usually suffers shoulder instability

A

young, sporty, women

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3
Q

which type of shoulder dislocation usually causes future instability

A

traumatic anterior dislocation

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4
Q

what direction of shoulder dislocation is most common

A

anterior

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5
Q

what type of reduction is done for shoulder dislocation

A

if

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6
Q

mx shoulder instability

A

physio // surgical bankart repair (attach labrum and capsule)

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7
Q

what is impingement syndrome + which muscle is usually affected

A

supraspinatus tendonitis from being caught under acromial (edge of scapula) head

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8
Q

causes impingement syndrome

A

rotator cuff injury, bursitis, osteophyte

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9
Q

symptoms impingment syndrome

A

painful arc on abduction // tenderness on lateral edge of acromion

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10
Q

what test can be done o/e for impingement

A

hawkins kennedy (internally rotate flexed shoulder)

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11
Q

mx impingement

A

physio, analgesia, steroid injection // decompression surgery, arthroplasty

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12
Q

who usually gets rotator cuff tears and from what injury

A

50-60, sudden jerks eg bus stops

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13
Q

symptoms rotator cuff injury

A

painful abduction (earlier in abduction than impingement)

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14
Q

which muscle is usually affected in rotator cuff tears

A

supraspinatus (pain on abduction)

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15
Q

invx rotator cuff tear

A

USS !! or MRI if worried

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16
Q

who usually gets frozen shoulder

A

middle ages women, diabetics, hyperlipidaemia

17
Q

symptoms frozen shoulder

A

pain and stiff movements // loss of external rotation!!!

18
Q

mx frozen shoudler

A

time // physio // MUA

19
Q

what is acute calcific tendonitis

A

calcium deposits in supraspinitus –> v painful acute onset shoulder pain

20
Q

invx + mx acute calcific tendonitis

A

X ray // steroid injection (self limiting)

21
Q

which shoulder joint is more affected by arthritis

A

acriomioclavicular > glenohumeral

22
Q

what are the joints of the elbow

A

humero ulnar + radiocapitallar (radiohumeral)

23
Q

where does the long and short head and distal tendon of the biceps attach

A

long = glenoid // short = coracoid // distal = radial tuberisity

24
Q

which tendon is most frequently torn in biceps rupture

A

long tendon (proximal)

25
RF bicep rupture
heavy lifting, shoulder overuse, smoking, steroids
26
symptoms biceps rupture
sudden pop at shoulder or elbow, pain, brusing, swelling // popeye deformity // weakness // biceps squeeze test
27
invx biceps rupture
USS // MRI if suspected distal tear
28
what is lateral epicondylitis known as
tennis elbow
29
symptoms + age lateral epicondylitis
45-55 // pain on lateral epicondyle // worse on wrist extension or suppination against resistance with extended elbow
30
mx lateral epicondylitis
rest, physio, NSAIDs, steroid injection
31
what is medial epicondlyitis known as
golfers elbow
32
symptoms medical epicondlyitis
aggravated by wrist flexion and pronation
33
why is steroid injection for medial epincondylitis risky
ulnar nerve
34
which surgery is preffered for OA of the elbow
Radio-humeral > Ulnar-humeral
35
what age group is subluxation of the radial head most common in
under 6
36
symptoms subluxation of the radial head (pulled elbow)
elbow pain, limited suppination and extension
37
mx subluxation of the radial head (pulled elbow)
passively supinate elbow joint whilst elbow is flexed at 90