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FINALS - ORTHO > fractures: specific injuries > Flashcards

fractures: specific injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what bones form the pelvis

A

sacrum, ilium, ischium, pubic phones

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2
Q

what causes open book pelvis fractures

A

anteroposterior compression –> pubic symphysis splits

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3
Q

blood supply to pelvis

A

internal iliacs and sacral venous plexus

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4
Q

symptoms hip fracure

A

shortened and externally rotated leg

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5
Q

classification for hip fractures

A

gardner: I = stable fracture that impacts valgus // II = complete but undisplaced fracture // III = displaced with some bony contact // IV = no bony contact

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6
Q

mx undisplaced intracapsular hip fracture

A

internal fixation (or THR if unfit)

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7
Q

mx displaced intracapsular hip fracture

A

THR or hemiplasty

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8
Q

mx extracapsular hip fractures

A

stable trochanteric fracture = hip screw // oblique, transverse or subtronchateric = intremedullary device

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9
Q

most common direction for hip dislocation

A

posterior

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10
Q

posterior hip dislocation symtpoms

A

shortened leg, adducted, internally rotated

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11
Q

anterior hip dislocation symptoms

A

not shortened, abducted and externally rotated

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12
Q

mx hip dislocation

A

MUA within 4 hrs to prevent AVN

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13
Q

complications hip dislocation

A

sciatic or femoral nerve injury, AVN, OA, dislocation

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14
Q

mx femoral shaft break

A

closed reduction + intramedullary nails

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15
Q

mechanism of patella fractures

A

direct eg dashboard injury // indirect eg quads contracts too hardly

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16
Q

symptoms patella fracture

A

significant bruising and swelling, palpable gap, straight leg test

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17
Q

invx patella fracture

A

2 planes of xray –> skyline

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18
Q

mx patella fracture

A

undisplaced + intact extensor mechanism = 6 weeks brace + fully weight bear // displaced = consider operative

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19
Q

mx proximal tibia fracture

A

intra-articular –> ORIF + plates and screws

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20
Q

ottawa rules ankle injury

A

xray if pain over malleos + one of: bony tenderness on lateral or medial malleoulus, cannot weight bear

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21
Q

weber classification for ankle breaks

A

A = below syndemosis // B = level of tibieal plafond // C = above syndemosis

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22
Q

what is a maisonnoivre fracture

A

spiral tibial fracture –> wide ankle joint + disruption of syndemosis –> surgery

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23
Q

what is a midfoot/ lisfranc fracture

A

fracture + dislocation at base of 2nd metatarsal

24
Q

invx midfoot/ lisfranc fracture

A

CT = gold

25
Q

what causes a colles fracture

A

FOOSH

26
Q

what is a colles fracture + what deformity is present

A

Dorsally Displaced Distal radius –> Dinner fork Deformity

27
Q

complications colles

A

median nerve injury –> weakness + loss of thumb or index finger flexion // compartment

28
Q

3 features of a colles fracture

A

transverse radial fracture, 1 inch from radio-carpal joint, displaced dorsal fragments

29
Q

what is a smith’s fracture

A

reverse colles // volar angulation + distal fractments (garden spade

30
Q

how does smith’s fracture occur

A

fall backward onto outstrecthed hand / or fall onto flexed wrist

31
Q

what is bennets fracture + xray

A

intra-articular base of thumb metacarpal // triangle fragment

32
Q

what is barton’s fracture

A

distal radial fracture (colles or smiths) + radio-carpal dislocation

33
Q

what tends to cause scaphoid fractures

A

FOOSH or contact sport

34
Q

blood supply to scaphoid

A

dorsal carpal branch (of radial artery) poor healing

35
Q

complication scaphoid frature

A

AVN

36
Q

signs scaphoid fracture (5)

A

tenderness over anatomical snuff box // joint effusion // pain on telescoping of thumb // tenderness on scaphoid tubercle // pain on ulnar deviation // loss of pinch

37
Q

invx scaphoid injury

A

PA, lateral, and oblique X ray // CT // MRI = gold standard

38
Q

inital mx scaphoid

A

furoturo or elbow backslap // review 7-10 days lateral if initial xray inconclusive

39
Q

conservative mx scaphoid fracture

A

cast 6-8 weeks

40
Q

which scaphoid fractures require surgical fixation

A

displaced scaphoid + proximal scaphoid pole fractures

41
Q

what is a menteggia fracture

A

ulnar fracture with radioulnar dislocation at elbow

42
Q

what is a galeazzi fracture

A

radial fracture with disloaction at distal (wrist) radioulnar joint

43
Q

what age group to buckle fractures usually occur in

A

children 5-10

44
Q

what are buckle fractures

A

incomplete fractures of the shaft of the long bone with a bulging cortex

45
Q

mx buckle fracture

A

splint and immobilisation or cast

46
Q

what is a nightsick fracture

A

ulnar shaft break from direct blow

47
Q

what are greenstick fractures

A

bone bends and cracks - common in kids

48
Q

most common fractured metatarsal

A

pinky - and most common midfoot

49
Q

how do 5th metatarsal fractures happen

A

inversion injury of ankle

50
Q

most common metatarsal for stress fracture

A

2nd

51
Q

invx metatarsal fracture

A

xray or MRI

52
Q

symptoms rib fracture

A

severe sharp chest wall pain // worse on breathing and cough // tenderness and bruising // low O2 sats or reduced breath sounds // pneumothorax

53
Q

what is flail chest

A

multiple consecutive rib fractures –> flail segment moves and stops ventilation

54
Q

invx rib fracture

A
  1. CT // 2. CXR
55
Q

mx rib fracture

A

usually conservative + analgesia (nerve blocks)

56
Q

how do acromioclavicular injuries happen

A

FOOSH esp during sport

57
Q

how are grade I–>5

A

FINALS - ORTHO (13 decks)

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