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FINALS - ORTHO > ankles + feet > Flashcards

ankles + feet Flashcards

1
Q

what cells produce collagen for tendons

A

fibroblasts

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2
Q

RF achilles tendonitis

A

quinolones eg cipro // hypercholestraemia // sport injuries

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3
Q

symptoms achilles tendonitis

A

morning pain + stiffness // posterior heel pain worse after activity

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4
Q

mx achilles tendonitis

A

supportive, analgesia, boots

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5
Q

mechanism achilles tendon rupture

A

sudden deceleration

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6
Q

symptoms achilles tendon rupture

A

pop in ankle, sudden ankle pain, cannot walk

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7
Q

what triad o/e is used for achilles rupture

A

simmonds: lie prone: look for dorsiflexion, look for gap in tendon, squeeze calf muscle nothing happens

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8
Q

invx achilles rupture

A

USS

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9
Q

where does tibilias posterior tendon attach

A

medial malleolus to navicular tuberosity (medial heel)

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10
Q

what can causes tibilias posterior tendon dysfunction

A

obesity, diabetes, HTN, steroids, RA

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11
Q

symptoms tibilias posterior tendon dysfunction

A

pain and swelling medial malleous, harder to walk, midfoot and ankle pain

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12
Q

mx tibilias posterior tendon dysfunction

A

splint + physio, surgical decompression

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13
Q

what should be avoided in tendonopathies + why

A

steroids injections –> rupture

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14
Q

what causes plantar fasciitis

A

repeated stress

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15
Q

symptoms plantar fasciitis

A

pain in back of sole of heel, worse on exercise, positive tinel test

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16
Q

RF plantar fasciitis

A

diabetes, obese, over exercise

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17
Q

mx plantar fasciitis

A

gel pad shoes, analgesia, rest

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18
Q

symptoms hallux valgus (bunion)

A

lateral deviation of 1st metatarsal // medial bursitis (bunion) // ulcer // override 2nd toe

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19
Q

mx hallux valgus

A

wear wider shoes // surgery if causing functional issues

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20
Q

what is hallux rigidus

A

OA of first MTPJ

21
Q

mx hallux rigidus

A

conservative, arthrodesis (fuse joint together)

22
Q

what is morton’s neuroma

A

nerves over ligament become swollen after repeated trauma

23
Q

where do moton’s neuroma usually occur

A

inbetween 3rd and 4th toe

24
Q

who usually gets mortons neuroma

A

women who wear high heels

25
Q

symptoms mortons neuroma

A

pain + burning in affected toe, loss of sensation in web space, mudlers click

26
Q

invx + mx mortons neuroma

A

USS, insole, steroid injection, excision

27
Q

where are metatarsal stress fractures likely to occur

A

2nd and 3rd metatarsal

28
Q

what type of fracture are stress fractures

A

hairline

29
Q

mx stress fracture

A

immobilisation boots if identified early

30
Q

what is pes cavus

A

high arch

31
Q

RF pes cavus

A

neurpathy, cerebral palsy, polio, spina bifida

32
Q

RF flat foor

A

tibilais posterior dysfunction, RA, diabetes

33
Q

what is charcot foot

A

sensory loss –> very damaged joints

34
Q

causes charcot foot

A

diabetes, syphilis

35
Q

symptoms charcot

A

swollen red joint, some degree of pain

36
Q

invx charcot

A

xray –> bag of bones

37
Q

which bones are involved in the ankle joint

A

tibia, fibula, talus

38
Q

what is the syndesmosis of the ankle

A

binds distal tibia and fibula together (AITFL, PITFL, IOL, interossus)

39
Q

what do the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle do

A

attack distal dibular to the talus and the tallus + calcanus (heel bone)

40
Q

what does the deltoid ligament of the ankle do

A

secure distal tibia to talus

41
Q

what ligaments are involbed in low ankle sprain

A

collateral

42
Q

cause + symptoms low ankle sprain

A

inversion // pain, bruising, swelling, tender, can usually weight bear

43
Q

invx ankle sprain

A

xray according to ottowa rules // MRI if persistent

44
Q

mechanism + symptoms high ankle sprain

A

v rare // external rotation // painful weight bearing // pain when tibia and fibula pushde togetehr

45
Q

invx high ankle sprain

A

xray // MRI if worries

46
Q

mx low ankle sprain

A

ICE // cast

47
Q

mx high ankle sprain

A

cast // surgery

48
Q

ottawa rules for Xray ankle

A

malleolar pain + one of: cannot weight bear 4 steps // tender medial or lateral distal tibia // bone tenderness distal tibia

FINALS - ORTHO (13 decks)

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