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FINALS - ORTHO > knee > Flashcards

knee Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the menisci

A

shock absorbers

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2
Q

which menisci is more fixed

A

medial (lateral more mobile)

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3
Q

what tendons keep the patella in place

A

quadriceps + patellar

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4
Q

what is the function of the ACL

A

prevent tibia rotating

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5
Q

function MCL

A

resist valgus force

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6
Q

function LCL

A

resist varus force

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7
Q

RF early knee OA

A

meniscal tears, ligament injuries, abnormal alignemt, inflammation arthritis, hobbies

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8
Q

indication knee replacement for OA

A

substantial pain!! (and disability)

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9
Q

signs OA knee

A

swelling, crepitus, limited range of motion

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10
Q

how do meniscal tears usually occur

A

twisting injury

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11
Q

symptoms meniscal tear

A

pain on joint line // effusion following day // locked knee cannot straighten (bucket handle)

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12
Q

what tests can be used to determine meniscal tear

A

steinmanns: (flex hip and knee and externally rotate foot) // thessaly (weight bear on slightly bent knee and twist)

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13
Q

most common site for meniscal tear

A

medial

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14
Q

symptoms of a bucket handle meniscal tear

A

locked knee and cannot fully extend (mechanical obstruction from meniscus)

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15
Q

invx for meniscal tear

A

MRI

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16
Q

criteria for meniscal repair

A

longitudinal (bucket handle) // acute // young

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17
Q

what is involved in meniscal repair

A

stitch to bed

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18
Q

if not suitable for meniscal repair what surgery can be done

A

arthroscopic partial menisectomy

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19
Q

mx degenerative meniscal tear

A

steroid injection

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20
Q

causes of ACL rupture

A

high rotational force eg skiing, lateral blow, rugby, football

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21
Q

symptoms ACL rupture

A

pop heard or felt // hemoarthrosis within hour // deep pain // rotatory instability

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22
Q

what tests can be done for ACL tears

A

ant draw test/ lachmanns: patient flat on bed and knee 30 flexed, pull calf forward

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23
Q

when is ACL reconstruction considered (repair not often done)

A

professional sports people // if sedentary activity // failed physio

24
Q

what is ACL reconstruction sirgery

A

tendon graft through tibiofemoral tunnel and attach to knee

25
Q

what injuries can cause PCL tears

A

direct blow to tibia eg dashboard injury (uncommon isolated injury)

26
Q

test for PCL rupture

A

posterior draw test (same as ant but push back)

27
Q

how do MCL tears occur

A

strong valgus force

28
Q

symptoms MCL tear

A

laxity + pain when forced into valgus position

29
Q

mx MCL tear

A

brace –> MCL tightening –> reconstruction and tendo graft

30
Q

what nerve can be damaged in LCL rupture

A

peroneal

31
Q

what is damaged in the unhappy knee triad + what causes it

A

high force lateral knee blow –> ACL, MCL, meniscal

32
Q

what is the most common knee injury

A

ACL tear

33
Q

what are common complications from a patella dislocation

A

thrombosis, popliteal artery damage, compartment syndrome

34
Q

how can patella dislocations sometimes spontaneously reduce

A

straighten leg

35
Q

invx patella dislocation

A

Xray

36
Q

RF patella dislocation

A

laxity, female, genu valgum, high riding patella, femoral neck anteversion

37
Q

how can extensor mechanism (quadriceps or patella tendon) ruptures occur

A

fast contractile force eg weightlifting, fall, degenerative

38
Q

which tendon in extensor mechanism ruptures are likely in older vs younger patients

A

patella in young and quadriceps in old

39
Q

RF extensor mechanism rupture

A

tendonitis (quinolones) // chronic steroid ise // diabetes / RA / renal failure

40
Q

invx extensor mechanism rupture

A

straight leg test (gap) // Xray or USS if obese

41
Q

what is chondromalacia patella/ patellofemoral dysfunction

A

patella and femur not alligned properly

42
Q

when/ who does chondromalacia patella/ patellofemoral dysfunction occur

A

teenage girls esp after knee injury/ dislocation

43
Q

signs and symptoms chondromalacia patella/ patellofemoral dysfunction

A

ant knee pain worse going downhill or at rest // pseudolocking // quads wasting

44
Q

mx chondromalacia patella/ patellofemoral dysfunction

A

physio, taping, surgery

45
Q

symptoms osteochondritis dissecans (osgood)

A

knee pain + swelling after exercise // knee catching and locking // painful clunk when extending knee

46
Q

signs osteochondritis dissecans (osgood)

A

joint effusion, tenderness at medial femoral condyle

47
Q

invx osteochondritis dissecans (osgood)

A

xray or MRI

48
Q

who is usually affected by osteochondritis dissecans (osgood)

A

children and young adults

49
Q

what causes IT band synrdome

A

running

50
Q

symptoms IT band syndrome

A

tenderness 2-3cm above lateral joint line

51
Q

mx IT band syndrome

A

stretches and physio

52
Q

what are baker’s cysts

A

distension of knee bursa that looks like a cyst

53
Q

what can cause bakers cysts

A

OA in adults

54
Q

symptoms ruptured bakers cyst

A

pain, reness, swelling

55
Q

where does the swelling occur in bakers cyst

A

behind the knee

FINALS - ORTHO (13 decks)

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