bone disorders

Question 1

what is the most common benign bone tumour

Answer 1

osteochondroma (exotosis)

Question 2

who normally gets osteochondroma

Answer 2

young males

Question 3

what is an osteochondroma

Answer 3

cartilage capped bony projection on external surface of bone

Question 4

where are osteomas usually found

Answer 4

skull

Question 5

what is an osteoma

Answer 5

benign overgrowth of bone

Question 6

what is an osteid osteoma

Answer 6

immature bone surrounded by sclerotic halo

Question 7

where do osteoid osteomas usually occur

Answer 7

long bones

Question 8

where do simple bone cysts usually occur + who gets them

Answer 8

long bones, children

Question 9

symptoms simple bone cyst

Answer 9

pathological fractures

Question 10

what is a giant cell tumour

Answer 10

multinucleated within fibrous stroma

Question 11

who usually gets giant cell tumours

Answer 11

20-40

Question 12

where do giant cell tumours usually occur

Answer 12

epiphysis (ends) of long bones - esp knee

Question 13

xray appearance giant cell

Answer 13

soap bubble

Question 14

what is fibrous dysplasia

Answer 14

genetic condition bone is fibrous and immature

Question 15

most common cancerous bone tumour

Answer 15

osteosarcoma

Question 16

who usually gets malignant bone tumours

Answer 16

children and adolescents

Question 17

where does osteosarcoma usually occur

Answer 17

long bones near epiphysis - esp knee

Question 18

x ray osteosarcoma

Answer 18

codman triangle + sunburst appearance

Question 19

symptoms osteosarcoma

Answer 19

weight loss, pain esp at night, fatigue

Question 20

what mutation increases risk of osteosarcoma and what other cancer

Answer 20

rb - retinoblastoma

Question 21

mx osteosarcoma

Answer 21

chemo

Question 22

what is ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 22

blue cell tumour in bone marrow

Question 23

where does ewings sarcoma usually occur

Answer 23

pelvis and long bones

Question 24

xray ewings sarcoma

Answer 24

onioin skin

Question 25

symptoms ewings sarcoma

Answer 25

intense pain, fever, bad prognosis

Question 26

mx ewings

Answer 26

chemo and radio

Question 27

what is a chondrosarcoma

Answer 27

malignant cartilage

Question 28

where does chondrosarcoma usually occur

Answer 28

axial skeleton

Question 29

symptoms chondrosarcoma

Answer 29

back bain, sciatica, oedema

Question 30

who gets chondrosarcoma

Answer 30

middle aged men

Question 31

cancers that met to bones

Answer 31

prostate, breast, lung , renal, thyroid

Question 32

what origon can sarcomas have

Answer 32

bone or soft tissue

Question 33

what are the 4 main soft tissue sarcomas

Answer 33

lipsarcoma, rhabdomysarcoma, leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle), synovial sarcoma (close to joint)