bone disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common benign bone tumour

A

osteochondroma (exotosis)

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2
Q

who normally gets osteochondroma

A

young males

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3
Q

what is an osteochondroma

A

cartilage capped bony projection on external surface of bone

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4
Q

where are osteomas usually found

A

skull

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5
Q

what is an osteoma

A

benign overgrowth of bone

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6
Q

what is an osteid osteoma

A

immature bone surrounded by sclerotic halo

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7
Q

where do osteoid osteomas usually occur

A

long bones

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8
Q

where do simple bone cysts usually occur + who gets them

A

long bones, children

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9
Q

symptoms simple bone cyst

A

pathological fractures

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10
Q

what is a giant cell tumour

A

multinucleated within fibrous stroma

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11
Q

who usually gets giant cell tumours

A

20-40

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12
Q

where do giant cell tumours usually occur

A

epiphysis (ends) of long bones - esp knee

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13
Q

xray appearance giant cell

A

soap bubble

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14
Q

what is fibrous dysplasia

A

genetic condition bone is fibrous and immature

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15
Q

most common cancerous bone tumour

A

osteosarcoma

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16
Q

who usually gets malignant bone tumours

A

children and adolescents

17
Q

where does osteosarcoma usually occur

A

long bones near epiphysis - esp knee

18
Q

x ray osteosarcoma

A

codman triangle + sunburst appearance

19
Q

symptoms osteosarcoma

A

weight loss, pain esp at night, fatigue

20
Q

what mutation increases risk of osteosarcoma and what other cancer

A

rb - retinoblastoma

21
Q

mx osteosarcoma

22
Q

what is ewing’s sarcoma

A

blue cell tumour in bone marrow

23
Q

where does ewings sarcoma usually occur

A

pelvis and long bones

24
Q

xray ewings sarcoma

A

onioin skin

25
symptoms ewings sarcoma
intense pain, fever, bad prognosis
26
mx ewings
chemo and radio
27
what is a chondrosarcoma
malignant cartilage
28
where does chondrosarcoma usually occur
axial skeleton
29
symptoms chondrosarcoma
back bain, sciatica, oedema
30
who gets chondrosarcoma
middle aged men
31
cancers that met to bones
prostate, breast, lung , renal, thyroid
32
what origon can sarcomas have
bone or soft tissue
33
what are the 4 main soft tissue sarcomas
lipsarcoma, rhabdomysarcoma, leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle), synovial sarcoma (close to joint)