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FINALS - ORTHO > paeds > Flashcards

paeds Flashcards

1
Q

inheritance osteogenesis imperfecta

A

autosomal dominant (type 1) // recessive type 2 = death

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2
Q

mutation osteogenesis imperfecta

A

type 1 collagen

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3
Q

symptoms osteogenesis imperfecta

A

childhood, fractures, blue sclera, short stature, deafness

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4
Q

invx osteogenesis imperfecta

A

ca, phosphate, PTH, ALP

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5
Q

what is langerhans cell histiocytosis

A

abnormal proliferation of histocytes

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6
Q

symptoms langerhans cell histiocytosis

A

bone pain in skull or femur, nodules, otitid media or mastoiditis

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7
Q

xray langerhans cell histiocytosis

A

punched out legions

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8
Q

what is normal varus/ valgus alingment at birth

A

varus

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9
Q

what is normal varus/ valgus alignment as a toddler

A

valgus

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10
Q

what structural variant causes intoeing

A

femoral anteversion

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11
Q

what test can used to determine if flat feet are pathological or not

A

jack’s test –> dorsiflexion of big toe forms an arch

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12
Q

what is curly toes

A

overlapping and curling of toes

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13
Q

what is developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

A

dislocation or subluxation of femur head from acetabulum

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14
Q

RF DDH

A

girls, first born, breech, down syndrome, oligohydramnios, left leg

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15
Q

complications DDH

A

fake acetabulum forms –> severe OA at young age –> THR

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16
Q

symptoms DDH

A

short limb, asymmetric groin fold

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17
Q

when is DDH screened for

A

USS for firs degree relative with hip problems, breech at 36 weeks

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18
Q

invx DDH

A

barlow –> ortolani test // USS // XRAY 4-6 months

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19
Q

mx DDH

A

palvik harness, surgery if 18 months+

20
Q

what is transient synovitis of the hip + what usually causes it

A

inflammation of synovium joint usually after URTI

21
Q

symptoms transient synovitis of the hip

A

limp, pain weight bearing, low grade fever

22
Q

invx transient synovitis of the hip

A

Xray, hip aspiration, normal CRP, MRI (diagnosis of exclusion)

23
Q

what is a red flag in transient synovitis of the hip

A

fever –> specialist input

24
Q

which age group get transient synovitis

A

2-10 girls

25
Q

what is perthes disease

A

flattened femoral head –> avascular necrosis

26
Q

staging for perthes disease

A

catterall

27
Q

complications perthes

A

lack of blood supply –> necrosis –> fracture –> remodelling –> OA

28
Q

who gets perthes

A

boys 4-9

29
Q

symptoms perthes

A

hip pain and limb worse on exercise // stiffness and atrophy // loss of internal rotation and abduction

30
Q

invx perthes

A

Xray + MRI

31
Q

mx perthes

A

cast or braces –> surgery (usually conservative mx)

32
Q

what is slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE)

A

displacement of femoral head posteriorly

33
Q

who gets SUFE

A

overweight boys 10-15, hypothyroid and renal disease

34
Q

symptoms SUFE

A

loss of internal rotatin, pain in groin, pain and limp

35
Q

invx SUFE

A

lateral Xray

36
Q

mx SUFE

A

urgent surgery to pin femoral head

37
Q

what is juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

arthritis at <16 in 4 or less joints - usually medium sized joints

38
Q

which antibodu can be assoc with juveline idiopathic arthritis

A

ANA

39
Q

what is systemic juveline idiopathic arthritis also know as

A

stills disease

40
Q

symptoms systemic juveline idiopathic arthritis

A

pyrexia, rash, lymph, arthritis, uveitis

41
Q

what is clubfoot assoc with (6)

A

males, spina bifida, cerebral palsy, edwards (T18), oligohydramnios, breech

42
Q

mx clubfoot

A

ponseti casting –> change cast every 5-6 months

43
Q

what surgery is required for full correction of clubfoot

A

achilles tendonotomy

44
Q

secondary causes of scoliosis

A

neuromuscular disease, skeletal dysplasia,tumour

45
Q

invx for scoliosis

A

xray or MRI (if severe pain)

46
Q

mx scoliosis

A

casts, braces –> surgical rod stabilisation

47
Q

what classification is used for growth plate fractures

A

salter harris: I fracture through physis only –> II physis and metaphysis –> III + IVE metaphysis + epihysis to include joint –> V crush fracture

FINALS - ORTHO (13 decks)

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